Cavendish, Henry. 1731-1810. English chemist, physicist. Disc. hydrogen, 1766. Synthesis of water.

Caventou, J.B. 1795-1877. Discovered chlorophyll, 1817, with Pelletier.

Celsius, Anders. 1701-44. Swedish physicist: centigrade temperature scale 1742.

Chad. 7C Sao. 11C Kanem. 14-16C Kanem, Bornu dispute...16C Bornu. 1808 Hausa. 1897 French protectorate. 1910 French colony «French Equatorial Africa. 1960 Independent republic.

Chadwick, Edwin. 1800-90. English campaigner for cleanliness to prevent disease. Poor Law Commission, 1832-46. Board of Health 1848-54.

Chadwick, James. 1891-1974. English discoverer of neutron.

Chambers, Ephraim. c1680-1740. First English Cyclopaedia 1728, used by French Encyclopedists.

Charles X Gustav. 1622-60. Swedish king 1654-. Gt. Northern War.

Charybdis. Whirlpool between Italy and Sicily, opposite Scylla.

Chernobyl. 1986. Ukraine nuclear power plant disaster.

Chile. Inca/Araucanian. 1520 Magellan discovers. 1540 Spain. 1818 Independent. 1884 +War of Pacific. O’Higgins. Pinochet.

Christina. 1629-89. Swedish queen 1632-54. Abdicated. Patron of Arts.

Cinematography. 1889 Edison kinetoscope. 1895 Lumière Cinematographe. 1906 Color. 1928 Talky. 1929 Technicolor.

Civil Rights Acts. US. 1866 Black citizenship. 1964 Ends all legal discrimination. 1968 Bans housing discrimination. 1991 Equal employment.

Clarendon Code. 1661-5. Suppressed religious dissent in England. Five Mile Act.

Clearance of Scottish Highlands. 1790-1850. Increased sheep farming displaces tenant crofters.

Clement V. Pope 1305-14. Moved papacy to Avignon. Dissolved Knights Templar 1312. Prohibited usury.

CND. Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament.

Colombia. 1502. Columbus discovers. 1538 Spain 1819 Gran Colombia. 1830 Colombia. 1946-64 La Violencia.

Columbus, Christopher. 1446-1506. Genoese navigator for Spain. Discovered America, 1492. Pinzon.

Conventice Acts. 1593, 1664-1689. Suppressed dissension in Church of England.

Corbeil, Treaty. 1258. France, Aragon. Settled territorial disputes.

Corsica. 6C BC Phocaean. Etruscan. 278BC Carthage. 259BC Rome. 5C Vandal. 6C Byzantine. 8C Papacy. 10C Saracen. 1077 Pisa. 1296 Genoa, Aragon dispute. 1569 Genoa. 1768 France. 1794 Britain. 1796 France 1814-15 British occupy. WWII Germans occupy.

Costa Rica. 1502 Columbus discovers. 1564 Spain settles. 1821 Independent. 1822 Mexican Empire. 1823 CAF. 1838 Republic.

Countess of Huntingdon’s Connexion. 1746-. Methodist Calvinistic sect.

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