Roanoke Colony. 1587. English colony of 117 settlers in Virginia disappeared. Raleigh.

Robbins, Frederick. 1916-. US physician. Discovered polio virus with Enders, Weller.

Rœntgen, Konrad. 1845-1923. German physicist, discovered X-rays 1895.

Root, Elihu. 1845-1937. US internationalist statesman. Agreements with Japan, Britain, Latin America. Disarmament Conference.

Ross, James. 1800-62. Scottish discoverer of North magnetic pole 1831 with uncle John Ross.

Ross, Ronald. 1857-1932. British discoverer of malaria parasite.

Russo-Swedish War. 1614-17. Russia loses access to Baltic. 1741-3. Sweden cedes part of Finland. 1788-90. 1808-9. Sweden cedes Finland + Åland Islands.

Sachs, Julius von. 1832-97. German discoverer of chlorophyll action.

Salisbury, Third Marquess. 1830-1903. British Imperialist Prime Minister 1885~1902. Fashoda. Boer War. Splendid Isolation.

Salk, Jonas. 1914-95. US discoverer of polio vaccine 1954.

San Francisco. 1769 Portola discovers bay. 1776 Mission founded. 1835 Yuerba Buena cove settled. 1846 US. 1847 = San Francisco. 1906 Earthquake, fire kill 315.

San Juan Boundary Dispute. 1846-72. Britain/US. San Juan islands to US.

Sao Tomé and Principe. 1470 Portugal discovers. 15C Convicts, exiled Jews settle. Important in slave trade. 1951 Portugal Overseas Province. 1975 Independent.

Sardis. Capital of ancient Lydia.

Scheele, Carl. 1742-86. Sweden. Discovered oxygen 1771/2, independent of Priestley. Chlorine gas 1774.

Schiaparelli, Giovanni. 1835-1910. Italian ’discoverer’ of non-existent canals on Mars.

Schliemann, Heinrich. 1822-90. German amateur archeologist. Discovered Troy 1871, Mycenae 1875.

Scylla. Rock opposite Charybdis, danger to passing ships...mythical sea monster ate sailors.

Sèvres, Treaty. 1920. Broke up Ottoman Empire. Would have created Kurdistan. Not ratified. Lausanne Peace.

Seychelles. 1505 Portugal discovers. 1756 France. 1794 British. 1903 Crown Colony. 1976 Independent republic.

Sienkiewicz, Henryk. 1846-1916. Polish novelist: Slowo Trilogy 1883-88. Quo Vadis 1896.

Sierra Leone. 1462 Portugal discovers. 16C Slave source. 1786 British freed slave colony. 1788 British Crown Colony. 1961 Independent.

Sillitoe, Alan. 1928-. English writer of working class life. Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner 1959.

Singer, Isaac B. 1904-91. Polish/US Yiddish writer. Gimpel the Fool 1957.

Smog Disasters. London. 1952: 4000 dead. 1962: 750 dead.

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