Muawiya. c602-680. Muhammad’s disciple, founded Umayyad dynasty.

Muhammad Ahmad. Founded Mahdism 1880.

Munich Agreement. 1938. Recognition of Italian and German conquests by Chamberlain and Daladier. Dismembered Czechoslovakia. Appeasement Policy. Sudetenland.

Myrdal, Gunnar. 1898-1987. Swedish economist/sociologist on racism. American Dilemma 1944.

Myron. c480-440BC. Greek sculptor. Discobolos.

Napoleon I, Bonaparte. 1769-1821. French general. Emperor of France by coup d’etat 1804-14. Disastrous Moscow campaign 1812. Defeated at Waterloo 1815. Exiled to St. Helena. Napoleonic Wars. Napoleonic Code. Hundred Days.

Natal. Bantu. 1497 DaGama discovers. 19C Zulu. 1838 Boer. 1843 British. 1910 South Africa.

Neanderthal Man. 100,000-50,000BC. Skull discovered in Germany 1856.

Necker, Jacques. 1732-1804. Swiss Finance Minister of France before the Revolution. Compte Rendu 1781. Called Estates General leading to French Revolution. Dismissal led to riots.

Neo-Impressionism. 19C. Application of optical discoveries by Seurat and Signac. Pointilism.

Neva, Battle. 1240. Swedish invasion of W Russia defeated.

New Brunswick. Micmac. 1534 Cartier discovers. 1604 French settle. 1713 British. 1867 Canada.

New Caledonia. 1774 Cook discovers. 1843 French. 1864-94 Penal colony. 1954 French Overseas Territory.

New Guinea. 1512 Portugal discovers. 1828 Netherlands(W). 1884 Dutch/British(SE)/German(NE). 1906 British part(SE) to Australia. 1921 League of Nations Australian mandate(NE). 1945 Mandate +Papua. 1963 Dutch part(W) to Indonesia. 1975 Papua New Guinea.

New Hebrides. Melanesians, Polynesians. 1606 de Quiros discovers. 1768 Bougainville rediscovers. 1774 Cook charts. 1887 Joint French/English admin. 1980 -Vanuatu.

New Sweden. 1638-55. Swedish colony in North America captured by Dutch. «Delaware.

New Testament. Portion of Bible relating to life and teachings of Christ and his disciples.

New York City. 1609 Hudson discovers. 1624 Dutch New Amsterdam. 1626 Manhattan Purchase. 1664 English. 1785-90 US capital.

New Zealand. <8C Maori. 1642 Tasman discovers. 1840 British. 1852 Autonomous. 1907 Dominion.

Newfoundland. Beothuk, Inuit. 10C Norse discover. 1497 Cabot rediscovers. 1583 Britain claims. 17-18C British, French dispute. 1713 British sovereignty recognized. 1855 Self-governing. 1934 Crown Colony. 1949 Canadian province.

Niagara Falls. Discovered 1678 by French priest Louis Hennepin.

Nicaragua. 1502 Columbus discovers. 1523 Spanish settle. 1821 Mexican Empire. 1826 CAF. 1839 Independent. Sandinistas.

Nihilistm. 19C Russian philosophy of skepticism associated with disheveled revolutionaries. Utilitarianism and rationalism.

Nobel, Alfred. 1833-96. Swedish. Invented dynamite 1867. Founded Nobel Prize 1901.

Nordlingen, Battle. 1634. Sweden defeated, ending influence in S Germany. Heilbronn alliance dissolved.

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