Louvois, Marquis de. 1639-91. Louis XIV War Minister. Reformed army. Enforced Nantes revocation. Supervised construction of Invalides, Vendôme.

Love Generation. 1960-9. Term applied to hippies who rejected past values for instant pleasures of drugs and music.

Lowell, Percival. 1855-1916. US astronomer. Predicted Pluto 1905 (erroneously). PL of Pluto name after him. Studied Mars’ “canals” 1906. Schiaparelli.

Luckner, Felix. 1886-1966. German naval officer. Attacked commercial vessels in WWII.

Lycurgus. c390-324BC.Led short revival of Athens after Peloponnesian War.

Macdonough, Thomas. 1783-1825. Defeated British in Lake Champlain naval battle 1814.

Macready, William. 1793-1873. English actor. Rivalry with Forrest caused NY Opera House Riot, 1849.

Mahan, Alfred. 1840-1914. US naval officer/historian. Influence of Sea Power on History.

Mansart, Francois. 1598-1666. French architect. Val-de-Grâce 1645. Classical elements in Baroque style. Subtle elegance, harmony. Mansard roof.

Marxism. Official dogma of Communism. Dialectical Materialism. “Perfect economic system will not require political state.” Marx. Engels. Value is based on labour. Maoism. Leninism.

Matthias. 1557-1619. Holy Roman Emperor 1612-. Catholic Revival led to Thirty Years War.

McClure, Robert. 1807-73. British naval commander. First Northwest Passage crossing by boat and sledge 1853-4.

Medieval Art. 10-13C. Religious Gothic.

Medieval Music. 476-13C. Church oriented. Evolved from Plainsong to polyphonic.

Mehmed. Turkish equivalent of Muhammad.

Menshikov, Aleksandr. c1672-1729. Ruled Russia for Catherine I.

Minstrel. 4-17C Medieval entertainer, often itinerant.

Mishima Yukio. 1925-70. Japanese writer vs traditional Samurai values. Sea of Fertility 1970.

Mistral, Frédéric. 1830-1914. French Provençale revival poet. Mirèi 1859. Félibrige 1878.

Mohammed. Persian equivalent of Muhammad.

Moravian Church. Unitas Fratrum. 1457-. Protestant Hussite sect. 1467 Split from Utraquists. 18C German Pietist revival.

Mumford, Lewis. 1895-1990. US social critic. Must restore human moral values. The City in History 1961.

Navarino, Battle. 1827. Greeks/Allies naval defeat of Egypt/Turks.

Neoclassical. 17-18C. French-originated revival of classical order of arts, architecture. Order, balance, simplicity. Poussin. David. Molière. Adam. 1920-. Music based on 18C style + popular taste. Milhaud. Stravinsky. Les Six.

New Kingdom. 1567-1085BC. Peak of Egyptian Empire. 18-20th dynasties. Akhenaton, Ramses II. Valley of Kings.

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