De Valéra, Eamon. 1882-1975. US/Irish mathematician. Led Easter Uprising. Led Sinn Fein, 1917-26. Founded Fianna Fáil 1926. Prime Minister of Irish Free State, 1931~59. President 59-73.

Fianna Fáil. 1926-. Irish political party vs 1921 treaty. De Valera.

Sinn Fein. 1905. (=Ourselves Alone). Irish Nationalist movement. 1916 uprising. Founded Irish Free State. Legalized as political party in Northern Ireland, 1974. Political wing of IRA. De Valera.

Aaron. c14C BC. Old Testament. Brother of Moses. Later his rival.

Abstract Expressionism. 1940s New York style of Pollock, Rothko. Spontaneous expression, free of traditional values. Expressionism.

Acid Rain. 1940-. Rain and fog of pH<5.5 caused by industrial air pollution. Prevalent in North America, Eastern Europe.

Adrianople, Battle. 378. Visigoths defeat Rome, kill Valens.

Aegospotami. 405BC. Naval battle, ends Peloponnesian War. Victory of Lysander vs Athens.

Alberoni, Giulio. 1664-1752. Acting Prime Minister, directed Spanish revival 1716-19.

Anglo-Dutch Wars. 17-18C. Established England’s naval power, ended Dutch world power.

Anne of Austria. 1601-66. Wife of Louis XIII. Founded Feuillantines, 1622; Val-de-Grâce, 1638. Regent for Louis XIV until he became of age.

Aragon. 2C BC Rome. 711 Moors. 1035 Independent kingdom. 1076 +Navarre. 1134 -Navarre. 1137 +Catalonia. 1238 +Valencia. 13C +Balearics, Murcia. 1479 +Castile =Spain. Ferdinand.

Arsonval, Arsène d’. 1851-1940. French doctor and physicist. Electricity in body mvmt.

Assignats. French legal tender, 1789-96. Overissue caused inflation. Became worth 1% of face value.

Audencia. Medieval law court in Spain.

Avalon. Elysium of Arthurian legend.

Bacon, Henry. 1866-1924. US classical revival architect. Lincoln Memorial 1911.

Bandeira, Manuel. 1886-1968. Brazilian national poet. Carnival 1919.

Baroque Art. 1600-1750. Orig in Italy, spread across W. Europe. Architecture: Ornate style characterized by stucco, frescoes, rood screens. Vanbrugh. Bernini’s Barberini Palace. Music: Counterpoint vs Renaissance polyphony. Opera, cantata. Bach. Monteverdi. Vivaldi. Painting: Dynamic, emotional. Caravaggio. Reni. Rubens.Van Dyck. Rococo.

Berserks. Ferocious medieval Norse warriors in bearskins.

Blockade. Naval strategy preventing access to an enemy’s coast.

Brackenridge, Hugh. 1748-1816. Scottish/US novelist. Modern Chivalry 1792.

Brant, Sebastian. 1458-1521. German medieval satirical poet. Ship of Fools 1494.

Bruant, Libéral. 1635-97. Architect: Les Invalides 1671.

Buchmanism. 1922-65. Christian revivalist movement stressing honesty, purity, love, unselfishness. =Moral Rearmament 1938. Oxford Group.

197 more results ...