Industrial Revolution. 1730-. Transformation from agricultural to urbanized manufacturing economy as a result of steam power. 1830 England, France. 1850 Germany. 1860 USA. Blanqui. Toynbee.

International. Socialist revolutionary workers movements. First. 1864-76. Founded by Marx in London. Second. 1889-1914. Paris. IFTU. Revived in 1920s. Third. 1919-43. =COMINTERN. Stalin’s Vehicle for world-wide Communist Revolution. Fourth. 1938-53. Trotsky’s Transitional Program for reform.

Internationale. Revolutionary song based on a poem by Pottier, 1871. Music by Degeyter.

Islamic Revolution. 1979. Ayatollah Khomeini led overthrow of Pahlavi in Iran.

Jacobites. 1688-1753. Supporters of exiled James II and Stuart line after Glorious Revolution. 1715 “Old Pretender” James fails to claim British throne. 1745-6. Bonnie Prince Charlie unable to reclaim throne of England/Scotland. Stuart supporters aided rebels in Scotland and Ireland. Culloden Moor.

James II. 1633-1701. King of Great Britain 1685-8. Exiled 1689- in France. Supported Catholics. Bloody Assizes. Glorious Revolution overthrew him.

January Insurrection. 1863-4. Unsuccessful Polish revolution vs Russia.

Jourdan, Jean. 1762-1833. French Revolutionary marshal. Introduced conscription 1798. Victor at Fleurus.

July Ordinances. 1830. Charles X attempts to censor press and alter electoral process causing July Revolution.

July Revolution. 1830. France. Thiers. Charles X abdicates and flees to England. Louis-Philippe ascends. Caused by July Ordinances.

Kellerman, François. 1735-1820. French general. Defeated Prussia at Valmy, 1792, saving Revolutionary France.

Kerensky, Aleksandr. 1881-1970. Russian Revolutionary leader. Prime Minister 1917. Liberal Socialist Provisional government.

Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah. 1901-89. Iranian Shi’ite Moslem Fundamentalist leader. Exiled 1963-79. Dictator 1979-. Islamic Revolution.

Kossuth, Lajos. 1802-94. Hungarian Revolution leader, 1848-9.

Kropotkin, Pyotr. 1842-1921. Russian revolutionary, anarchist.

Lassalle, Ferdinand. 1825-64. German Socialist. 1848 Revolutionary Movement.

Lavalleja, Juan. 1784-1853. Uruguay revolutionary. Led 33 Immortals. Independence from Brazil.

Le Duc Tho. 1911-90. Vietnamese Communist leader, revolutionary. Paris Peace Conference. (Refused)

Lenin, Vladimir Illyich. 1870-1924. Russian Bolshevik revolutionary. Dictator 1917-. Created authoritarian, elite, disciplined organization.

Louis XV. 1710-74. French King 1715-. Incompetence led to lost prestige, French Revolution. Philippe, duc d’Orléans.

Louis XVI. 1754-93. French King 1774-92. Bankrupted Government. French Revolution. Guillotined 1793.

Louis XVII. 1785-95. Nominal French king during Revolution.

Lunéville, Treaty. 1801. Austria quit French Revolutionary War. Pope Pius VII restored.

Mao Tse-tung. 1893-1976. Chinese Communist leader 1935-. Long March. Cultural Revolution.

Maoism. Revolutionary Communist ideology of Mao Tse-tung.

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