Saratoga, Battle. 1777. American victory, turning point in American Revolution.

Schlesinger, Arthur. 1888-1965. US historian. History of American Life 1928-43.

Shawnee. American Indians from Ohio defeated at Tippecanoe. Resettled in Oklahoma.

Shenandoah. Site of American Civil War battles 1861-5.

Shepard, Alan. 1923-98. First American in space 1961.

Sherman, William. 1820-91. American Civil War general. -“War is hell”.

Shiloh, Battle. 1862. Second American Civil War battle. No clear victor.

Simpson, Wallis. 1896-1986. American divorcée for whom Edward VIII abdicated.

Sioux. Popular name for Dakota Confederation of American Indian tribes. Little Bighorn. Wounded Knee.

Slater, Samuel. 1768-1835. English/US. First American textile factory. Duplicated Arkwright spinning machines 1793.

Spain. c3000BC Iberians. c11C BC Phoenicians. c10C Celts. 6C Basques. c5C Carthage. 3C BC Rome. 5C Vandals, Visigoths. 711 Moslems. 801 Charlemagne. 10C independent kingdoms of Castile, León, Aragon, Navarre. 1031-1492 Reconquista. 1143 Portugal independent. 1479 Aragon, Castile unite. 1492 Moors final defeat. 1512 + Navarre =Spain. 1808 Napoleon. 1898 -Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico. Spanish American War. 1931 Republic. 1936 Civil War. 1939 Franco. 1975 Parliamentary Monarchy. ETA. New Spain.

Squanto. -1622. American Indian friend of Plymouth Pilgrims.

Stamp Act. 1765. British tax on newspapers and legal documents. A cause of American Revolution. Stamp Act Congress.

Stamp Act Congress. 1765. Issued Declaration of Rights and Grievances vs “taxation without representation”. American Revolution.

Steuben, Baron von. 1730-94. Prussian general. Trained, organized American Revolution army 1778-.

Stevens, John. 1749-1838. Key to US patent laws 1790. First American locomotive 1825.

Suffolk Resolves. 1774. American colonists pledge disobedience to Intolerable Acts. End trade with Britain.

Sugar Act. 1764. British law to end sugar smuggling. A cause of American Revolution.

Sumter, Fort. 1861. Confederate attack. First aggression of American Civil War.

Tecumseh. 1768-1813. American Shawnee Indian chief. Fought US in War of 1812.

Tory. Term (Irish = outlaw) applied 1679 to Duke of York supporters. English Royalist political party 1690-1830, refounded as Conservative Party 1833. In US: =colonists loyal to Britain during American Revolution.

Townshend Act. 1767-70. Reasserted English authority in American colonies. Import duties.

Trent Affair. 1861. US sieze British mail ship in Civil War, remove two Confederate commissioners.

United Empire Loyalists. 18C. Colonists who supported Britain during American Revolution, went to Canada.

Vergennes, Charles, Compte de. 1719-87. French foreign minister. Allied with American revolutionaries. Treaty of Paris 1783.

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