Adams, Samuel. 1722-1803. US Revolutionary: -“No taxation without representation”.

AFL-CIO. American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations. AFL 1886. CIO 1935. Merged, 1955. US labour union federation.

Alabama Claims. 1872. US claim damages caused by British built warships in Civil War. $15M=£3.25M awarded by arbitration.

Allen, Ethan. 1738-89. Led Green Mountain Boys in American Revolution. Failed to take Montreal, 1775.

Alliance for Progress. 1961. Coordination of Latin American economies, resistance to communism.

American Civil Liberties Union. ACLU. 1920-. US legal action group supporting civil rights.

American Civil War. 1861-5. Abolitionist North defeats slave-owning South. Britain and France support South, Russia supports North. Union. Confederacy.

American Colonization Society. 1816-1912. Transported blacks to Liberia.

American Expeditionary Force. US forces in WWI.

American Revolution. 1775-1783. Independence won from Britain, United States of America formed.

America’s Cup. 1851. Royal Yacht Squadron race won by Americans until 1983. Oldest international sports trophy.

André, John. 1750-80. British officer in American Revolution. Conspired with Benedict Arnold.

Anglo-American War. 1812-14. US, angry at British blockade of France, and Tippecanoe interference, invades Canada. Toronto and White House burned. US defeated. Ghent Treaty.

Arnold, Benedict. 1741-1801. American Revolution general. Betrayed US.

Barton, Clara. 1821-1912. US Civil War nurse. Founded US Red Cross 1881.

Beach, Alfred. 1826-96. US inventor. Published Scientific American 1848-.

Boyacá, Battle. 1819. South American rebels win independence from New Granada from Spain. Bolivar. Santander.

Brandywine, Battle. 1777. British victory in American Revolution. Diversion led to loss at Saratoga.

Brant, Joseph. 1742-1807. Indian chief allied with British in American Revolution.

Bunker Hill, Battle. 1775. Early American victory in Revolution. Putnam.

Burke, Edmund. 1729-97. English conservative writer, traditionalist political philosopher. Advocated emancipation of American colonies. Founded Annual Register 1758. Reflections on Revolution in France 1790.

Cabrini, St. Frances Xavier. 1850-1917. First American saint.

Camden, Battle. 1780 British victory. American Revolution.

Carlisle Commission. 1778. British peace offer in American Revolution.

Cheyenne. American Plains Indians.

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