Janissaries. 1330-1826. Ottoman sultan’s powerful bodyguard. First recruited from Christian children. Massacred by Mahmud II after revolt.

Jehovah’s Witnesses. 1879-. Christian sect believing in Christ’s imminent second coming. Founded by Russell. Publish Watchtower and Awake!. Yahweh.

Jesus. c6BC-c30. Jewish prophet, believed by Christians to be the Messiah, son of God. Crucified. Resurrected. Life and death were inspiration for Christianity.

Jewish Era. Began 3761BCE. Year of creation calculated from Biblical evidence. Christian Era. Muhammadan Era.

John, St. The Baptist. -28. Baptised Christ. Beheaded for Salome by Herod Antipas.

John, St. The Evangelist. -c100. Apostle of Christ. Wrote 4th Gospel, Revelations.

John III. 1629-96. King of Poland 1674-. “Champion of Christendom” saved Vienna from Turks 1683.

Joinville, Jean de. 1224-1317. French chronicler, advised St Louis. Histoire 1309.

Jorgensen, Christine. 1926-89. First m-f sex change patient, 1952.

Julian Calendar. 45BC-1582. Julius Caesar’s 90 day correction to calendar. Changed to 365.25 day year. Corrected by Gregory. Christian Era.

Jung, Karl. 1875-1961. Swiss psychiatrist. Synchronicity-theory that related events occur at the same time without connecting cause. Astrology. Psychology of the Unconscious 1912. Extrovert. Introvert. Collective Unconscious.

Justinian. 483-565. Eastern Roman Emperor, conquered Africa and Italy. Codified Roman law 529. Closed all non-Christian schools, beginning Dark Ages. Nika Riot. Corpus Juris Civilis. Hagia Sophia. Digest 553. Ulpian.

Kagawa. 1888-1960. Japanese Christian pacifist evangelist writer/labour leader. National Anti-War League 1928.

King’s Law. 1665. Justified Christian V’s Absolute Monarchy in Denmark + Norway.

Kingsley, Charles. 1819-75. English didactic social novelist/clergyman. Alton Locke 1850. Water Babies 1863. Founded Christian Socialism.

Kit-Kat Club. 1703-20. London Whig club of Hanover supporters. Met in Christopher Kat’s tavern.

Kleist, Heinrich von. 1777-1811. German dramatist. Schroffenstein 1803.

Koch, Robert. 1843-1910. German doctor. Identified bacilli for anthrax 1876, tuberculosis 1882, cholera 1883.

Lafayette. 1757-1834. French revolutionary general and political leader in American Revolution, 1776, French Revolutions, 1789, 1830.

Lammenais, Félicité de. 1782-1854. French RC priest. Liberal writer influenced Christian Democrats. Paroles d’un Croyant 1833.

Langland, William. 1330-1400. English Christian allegorical poet. Piers Ploughman 1362.

Lebanon. 25C BC Phoenicia. 6C BC Persia. 332 Alexander. 64BC Rome. 5C Byzantine. 7C Moslems, Maronite Christians. 11C Druse(S). 1516 Ottoman. 1861 Christian autonomy under Ottomans. 1920 French mandate. 1926 Republic under France. 1943 Independent republic. 1975-91 Civil war.

Leo Africanus. 1485-1554. Arab/Christian traveler. Descriptions of Africa 1550.

Lepanto, Battle. 1571. Major Christian naval victory vs Turks, saving Cyprus.

Lewis, C.S. 1898-1963. English fantasy writer, Christian apologist. Chronicles of Narnia 1950-6.

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