Chu Teh. 1886-1976. Commander-in-Chief of Chinese Red Army. Long March.

Chuang-tzu. 4C Chinese Taoism interpreter.

Chuikov, Vasily. 1900-82. Russian WWII General. Defended Stalingrad.

Church of England. 1534. Anglican Church. National English church, founded by Henry VIII. Redefined by Elizabeth I, 1559. Act of Supremacy.

Church of Scotland. National Church of Scotland. Reformation led by Knox. 1560 Abolished pope. 1689 Presbyterian.

Churchill, John. 1650-1722. Marlborough.

Churchill, Winston. 1874-1965. British WWII Prime Minister. 1940-5,51-5.

Churrigueresque. Very ornate Spanish architectural style. Baroque. Plateresque.

CIA. Central Intelligence Agency. 1947-. US information gathering agency. Replaced OSS. National Security Act. Activities: 1953 Iran. 1954 Guatemala. 1967 Guevara. 1973 Chile. 1976 Nigeria.

Cid, El. (Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar). c1043-99. Spanish hero, who fought for Moors and Christians. Idealized in 1140 epic El Cantar de mio Cid. Conquered and ruled Valencia 1094-99.

Cimabue, Giovanni. c1240-1302. Italian painter. Broke from Byzantine to natural style by characterizing individuals. St. John. Pisa Cathedral. Sta Trinita Madonna c1290.

Cinematography. 1889 Edison kinetoscope. 1895 Lumière Cinematographe. 1906 Color. 1928 Talky. 1929 Technicolor.

Cinq-Mars, Marquis de. 1620-42. Opponent of Richelieu, beheaded.

Cinque Ports. 1067-1608. Association of English Channel ports to defend England.

Circe. Wizardess. Changed Odysseus’ men into animals.

Cistercians. 1098-. RC monastic order. Rigorous rule. Trappist vows of silence 1664.

Citroën, André. 1878-1935. French Industrialist, automobile company.

Civil Rights Movement. 1950-91. US movement to obtain rights for blacks. 1955 Parks. 1963 March on Washington. King speech. 1991 Civil Rights Act.

Clare, Richard de. 1222-62. Led Barons. Provisions of Oxford.

Clarendon Constitution. 1164. Henry II limits church power in England. Opposed by Becket.

Clarke, Arthur C. 1917-2008. British science fiction writer. Predicted geosynchronous satellites 1945. 2001: A Space Odyssey 1968.

Classical. 500-300BC Greek Art. Idealized figure sculptures. Doric, Ionic, Corinthian architecture. Praxiteles. Roman Art. 1C BC-2C AD. Greek forms; added arch. Sculpture: realistic portraits, dramatic bas-relief.

Classicism. Art and architecture in imitation of Greek and Roman styles. Neoclassical.

Claudel, Paul. 1868-1955. French writer: Satin Slipper 1924.

Claus, Santa. = St Nicholas.

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