Buchanan, James. 1791-1868. US President 1857-61. Compromise policy failed to avert civil war.

Bucharest, Treaty. 1812. Ended Russo-Turkish War. 1886. Serbia restores Rumelia to Bulgaria. 1913. Settled 2nd Balkan War. 1918. Romania capitulates to Central Powers. Voided by Allied victory.

Buchenwald. 1937-45. Nazi concentration camp. Medical research, slave labour. 52,500 dead.

Buchman, Frank. 1878-1961. English founder of Buchmanism.

Buchmanism. 1922-65. Christian revivalist movement stressing honesty, purity, love, unselfishness. =Moral Rearmament 1938. Oxford Group.

Buck, Pearl S. 1892-1973. US novelist of Chinese life. Good Earth 1931.

Buddhism. c528BC. Widely practised in Asia. Nirvana is achieved by following the 8-fold path and 4 Noble Truths. 1C BC Mahayana Sutras. 6C reaches Japan. 12C Zen Buddhism widely practiced in Japan.

Budé, Guillaume. 1467-1540. Humanist, Greek scholar. Founded Collège de France.

Buffons, War of. 1752. Paris intellectuals debate Italian vs French opera. Rousseau.

Buisson, Ferdinand. 1841-1932. French educator. Founded League of Human Rights 1898.

Bukhari, al. 810-870. Arab scholar. Collected sayings of Mohammed.

Bulganin, Nikolai. 1895-1975. Soviet Prime Minister 1955-8 with Khrushchev.

Bull. Important papal pronouncement of Church doctrine, canonizations.

Bulow, Friedrich. 1755-1816. Prussian general against Napoleon.

Bundestag. Lower House of German Parliament 1949-. Elects Chancellor.

Bunsen, Robert. 1811-99. German chemist, perfected bunsen burner. Discovered Caesium, Rubidium 1860. Spectroscopy 1859. Kirchhoff.

Burgundian. c1075-1125. Style of Romanesque architecture. Tall proportional.

Burgundian. Dominant European musical school in 15C. Dufay.

Burgundians. French political faction. Fought Armagnacs during 100 Years War. Allied with England, 1420. Treaty of Arras 1435 with Charles VII.

Burgundy. 5C BC Rome. 5C Burgundians settle. 534 Merovingian. 843 divided; W=duchy. 1016 France 1364 Independent duchy. 1477 France(W)/Hapsburg(E).

Burkina Faso. (Upper Volta). 11C Bobo. 14C Mossi(E)/Gourma(C)...Kingdoms of Yatanga, Ouagadouga. 1895(E)/97(C) French protectorate. 1904 French Sudan. 1919 French colony. 1932-47 Divided Ivory Coast/Niger/French Sudan. 1948 French Territory. 1960 Independent. 1984 =Burkina Faso.

Burlingame, Treaty. 1868. US/Chinese friendship. Authorized Chinese immigration to US.

Burnet, John. 1859-1938. Scottish architect: British Museum.

Burning of the Books. 213BC. Chinese censorship. To erase all history before reign of Shih Huang-ti.

Burschenschaften. 1815-19. Militant student societies seeking united Germany.

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