Billettes. Brothers of Charity, 14C religious order succeeded by Carmelites.

Binet, Alfred. 1857-1911. French. Invented intelligence test 1905. Projective testing 1903.

Birch, John. -1945. US missionary killed in China. Cold War hero of John Birch Society.

Birch, Samuel. 1869-1955. English Cornish landscape painter.

Biron, Charles. 1562-1602. French marshal, beheaded for treason.

Biruni, al-. 973-1048. Arab scholar. Chronology of Ancient Nations.

Bischoff, Theodor. 1807-82. Ger: periodic fertility, 1844.

Bishops’ Wars. 1639. Scots vs Charles’ Anglicanism. 1640. Covenanters force Charles to call Long Parliament.

Bismarck, Otto von. 1815-98. Prince. Prussian Prime Minister 1862-90. Founded German Empire; First Chancellor 1871-90. Provoked Franco-Prussian War. Ems Dispatch. Schleswig.

Bizet, Georges. 1838-75. French composer: Carmen 1875.

Bjorko Treaty. 1905. Unimplemented military alliance between German Wilhelm II and Russian Nicholas II.

Black, Joseph. 1728-99. French/Scottish chemist. Latent heat 1757. CO2.

Black Code. 1685. Louis XIV edict on treatment of slaves in French colonies.

Black Hole of Calcutta. 1756. Small cell in which 123 of 146 British alledgedly died after being imprisoned by Bengalis.

Black Thursday. Oct. 24, 1929. NY Stock Exchange crash.

Black Watch. 1725-. Scottish Highland Regiment.

Blackbeard (Edward Teach). -1718. English pirate in West Indies.

Blackmore, Richard. 1825-1900. English novelist: Lorna Doone 1869.

Blackstone, William. 1723-80. English common law scholar/jurist. Commentaries 1765-9.

Blanc, Louis. 1811-82. French Utopian Socialist. Theory of equal wages. National Workshops. Organization du Travail 1839.

Blanchard, Jean. 1753-1809. French balloonist. First aerial Channel crossing 1785. Velocipede 1779.

Blanche of Castile. 1188-1252. Mother, regent for St. Louis. Hôtel de Nesle. Helped unify France.

Blanqui, Louis. 1805-81. French militant socialist. Coined: “Dictatorship of the Proletariat”, “Industrial Revolution”, 1837. Unsuccessful uprising 1839. Commune leader. Secret societies.

Blenheim, Battle. 1704. Bavaria. Marlborough’s victory in War of Spanish Succession. First French defeat in 50 years, saves Vienna.

Blériot, Louis. 1872-1936. French aviator. First plane to cross Channel, 1909.

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