Bell Book and Candle. Roman Catholic excommunication.

Bellarmine, St. Robert. 1542-1621. Italian Jesuit defender of RC church vs Protestantism, Copernican theory, heretics. Galileo.

Bellaud. 1532-88. Provencale truculent poet who inspired Marat, Rabelais and Petrarch.

Bellay, Joachim du. 1522-60. French poet. Defence of French Language 1549 was Pléiade manifesto.

Belle-Isle, Charles. 1684-1761. French marshal. Involved French in Austrian Succession War.

Belleau, Remy. 1528-77. French Pleiade Poet. Highly polished miniatures.

Bellerophon. Pegasus’ rider, destroyed the Chimera.

Bellini, Giovanni. c1429-1516. Venetian Renaissance painter. New sensuous realism of form and color. Adoration of the Magi. St. Francis 1480.

Belloc, Hilaire. 1870-1953. French/English writer: Bad Child’s Book of Beasts 1896. Cautionary Tales 1907.

Bellow, Saul. 1915-2005. Canadian/US psychological novelist: Herzog 1964. Humboldt’s Gift 1975.

Ben Gurion, David. 1886-1973. Polish/Israeli Labour pol. First Prime Minister of Israel, 1948~63. “Architect of Israel”.

Benchley, Robert. 1889-1945. US humorist. Benchley Beside Himself 1943.

Benedict XIII. c1328-1423. Antipope 1394-1417. Great Schism.

Benedictines. 529-. RC monastic order. Spread Christianity. Preserved Latin culture.

Beneš, Eduard. 1884-1948. Czech Nationalist, President, 1935-8,46-. Little Entente.

Benét, William. 1886-1950. US poet. The Dust Which is God 1941.

Benevolences. 1473-1689. Forced ’loans’ to English monarchs.

Benin.1625 Abomey kingdom = Dahomey. 1892 France. 1895 French West Africa. 1959 Autonomous. 1960 Independent =Dahomey. 1975 =People’s Republic of Benin.

Benjamin. Youngest son of Jacob and Rachel. Led 1 of 10 Lost Tribes.

Bennett, Richard B. 1870-1947. Canadian Conservative Prime Minister 1930-5. Advocated Empire Free Trade. Imperial Conference 1932.

Bentley, Richard. 1662-1742. English classical scholar. Restored texts. Editions of Horace, Terence, Aesop.

Béranger, Pierre. 1780-1857. French Republican poet and singer. Roi d’Yvetot 1813.

Bergerac, Peace. 1577. Ends 6th French War of Religion.

Bergman, Ingmar. 1918-. Swedish filmmaker dealing with moral issues, psychoses. Persona 1966.

Beria, Laurenty. 1899-1953. Soviet commisar in charge of Stalin’s security police 1938-.

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