Engels, Friedrich. 1820-95. German socialist philosopher. Communist Manifesto 1848. Marx. Coined “Industrial Revolution” 1845. Finished Das Kapital 1894.

England. c1800BC Beaker folk. 8C BC Celt. 150BC Belgae. 55BC-407 Rome. 5C Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy. 9C Dane(N,E). 10C A-S/Dane. 1042 Anglo-Saxon. 1066 Norman. 1204 -Normandy. 1707 Great Britain. 1801 United Kingdom.

English Civil War. 1642-9. King vs Parliament. Charles beheaded. Monarchy abolished. Commonwealth. Cromwell. Covenanters.

Enlightenment. 17-18C. Intellectual movement. Rationalism, natural laws vs dogma, authority. J-J Rousseau. Smith. Mendlessohn. Fontenelle. Voltaire. Montesquieu. Hume. Berkeley. Sturm und Drang.

Enoch. Eldest son of Cain.

Enola Gay. US plane which dropped H-bomb on Hiroshima, 1945.

Entente Cordiale. 1904. Anglo-French agreement. Defined spheres of influence in Africa and Pacific allowing co-operation vs Germany.

Epaminondas. c410-362BC. Thebian general, statesman. Defeated Sparta at Leuctra. Permanently changed balance of power.

Épée, Abbé de l’. 1712-89. French educator of deaf-mutes. Natural sign language.

Épinay, Louise d’. 1726-83. French Enlightenment patroness.

Episcopalianism. Church government by bishops.

Epoch of Civil War. 1863-80. Colombian liberals vs conservatives. Núñez forms coalition.

Erasmus, Desiderius. c1466-1536. Dutch Humanist ecclesiastic reform writer. Published first New Testament based on Greek, 1516. Reason over ignorance and superstition. Opposed Luther. Praise of Folly. Enchiridion: Christ requires of us nothing but a pure and sincere life.

Erastus, Thomas. 1524-83. Swiss theologian. Advocated complete domination of state over church.

Erebus. Area of Greek underworld. Personified as son of Chaos.

Erechtheum. 5C BC. Ionic temple on Athenian acropolis.

Erechtheus. King, raised by Athena. First temple on Athens Acropolis. Later deified.

Erhard, Ludwig. 1897-1977. West German Economic Minister 1948-63. Chancellor 1963-6. Architect of economic recovery.

Erté, Roman. 1892-1990. Russian/French Art Deco artist.

Escher, M.C. 1898-1971. Dutch graphic artist. Optical illusion, surrealistic effects.

Eschine. 390-314BC. Greek orator.

Est. 1C. Tribe which settled Estonia.

Esterhazy, Ferdinand. 1847-1923. French. Sold secrets to Germans. Blamed Dreyfus.

Estrées, Gabrielle d’. 1573-99. Mistress of French Henry IV.

Ethelbert. 552-616. King of Kent 560-. First Christian Anglo-Saxon king. first extant A-S law code.

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