Berlin Blockade. 1948-9. Russia’s winter blockade is thwarted by US, British airlift of supplies.

Berlin Conference. 1884. Bismarck called 15 nations to resolve African issues. Congo granted independence. Slavery suppressed.

Berlin Congress. 1878. Bulgaria divided, independence for Romania, Serbia. Turkey gains Macedonia. Russia gains Armenia. Britain gains Cyprus. Revised San Stefano treaty.

Berlin Decree. 1806. Napoleon announces Continental System blockading Britain.

Berlin-Rome Axis. 1936-45. Axis.

Berlin Wall. 1961-89. Soviet troops erect. US guarantees West Berlin’s freedom.

Berliner, Emil. 1851-1929. Microphone 1877. Disk phonograph record 1887.

Berlioz, Hector. 1803-1869. French Romantic composer. Grandiose themes directly from feelings.Symph. Fantastique 1830. Romeo and Juliette 1839. Treatise on Orchestration 1844. Damnation of Faust 1846.

Bermuda. 1511 Spain discovers. 1609 Shipwrecked British settle, inpiring Tempest. 1617-1834 Slavery. 1968 Autonomous British Colony. 1995 Referendum rejects independence.

Bernadette, St. Soubirous. 1844-79. French girl. Visions at Lourdes, 1858.

Bernadotte, Jean. 1763-1844. Marshal of French Empire, became King Karl XIV Johan of Sweden 1818.

Bernanos, Georges. 1888-1948. French Catholic polemic writer against materialism. Diary of a Country Priest 1937.

Bernard, Claude. 1813-78. French physiologist and logician. Influenced Pavlov. Intro. to Experimental Medicine 1865.

Bernard, St. 1090-1153. Founder of Clairvaux 1115, Second Crusade instigator.

Bernard, St. 923-1008. Founder of Swiss alpine hospices 962.

Bernard of Chartres. -c1130. French Neoplatonic Idealist philosopher. Real world of eternal ideas vs apparent world of material objects.

Bernardin de St. Pierre, Jacques. 1737-1814. French writer. Propagated JJ Rousseau’s back to nature philosophy. Paul et Virginie 1788.

Bernhardt, Sarah. 1844-1923. French dramatic actress. Roles in Phèdre, La Tosca.

Bernicia. 6C Anglian kingdom in Northumbria. Deira.

Bernini, Lorenzo. 1598-1680. Italian Baroque painter, sculptor, architect. Louis XIV bust. Apollo and Daphne 1616. St. Theresa 1646.

Bernoulli, Daniel. 1700-82. Swiss discoverer of hydrodynamics. Hydrodynamica 1738.

Bernoulli, Jacob. 1654-1705. Swiss mathematician. Probability. B Numbers.

Bernstein, Eduard. 1850-1932. German anti-militant Socialist. Founded Fabians.

Bernstein, Leonard. 1918-90. US conductor/ composer. West Side Story 1957.

Berry, Jean, duc de. 1340-1416. Regent of France for Charles VI. Policies caused Peasants Revolt 1381-4. Patron of arts. Limburg.

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