Swahili. Bantu people and language of Central Africa.

SWAPO. Southwest African People’s Organization for Namibian independence. 1960 Founded by Nujoma, Toiva vs South African hegemony. 1971 UN recognition.

Swaziland.16C Bantu...19C Swazi. 1881 Independence guaranteed. 1894 South African protectorate. 1902 British protectorate. 1968 Independent kingdom.

Sweden. c8000BC Settled. 9C Rurik establishes Russ dynasty. c1000 Christian. 1319 +Norway. 1397 Kalmar Union. 1520 Revolt. 1523 Independence Vasa dynasty. 1809 -Finland. 1814 +Norway. 1905 -Norway.

Swedenborg, Emanuel. 1688-1772. Swedish scientist, philosopher. Apocalypse Revealed 1743-4. Claimed to have been to hell and heaven. Followers founded Church of New Jerusalem 1788.

Swedish Academy. 1786. Awards Nobel Literature prizes.

Sweelinck, Jan. 1562-1621. Dutch organ composer.

Sweyn. -1014. Danish king c987-. Conquered Norway 1000, England 1013. Canute’s father.

Swiss Guards. 1505- Swiss Mercenaries protecting monarchs, Pope. 600 massacred at Tuileries 1791. 1825- Incorporated in Vatican forces. Julius II.

Swiss War. 1712. Protestant cantons establish dominance over Catholic.

Swithin, St. c800-862. Rain fell when his body was moved, July 15, 971. (St. Swithin’s Day).

Switzerland. Celts (Helvetii). 58BC Rome. 5C Alemanni, Burgundians. 6C Frank. 962 HRE. 1291 3 Cantons unite vs Hapsburgs. 1515- Neutral. 1648 Indepence recognized. 1815 Neutrality recogognized.

Sybaris. 720-510BC. Wealthy decadent Greek city in Italy. Rebuilt twice.

Sydenham, Thomas. 1624-89. English doctor. Popularized quinine vs malaria, iron for anemia. Described scarlet fever.

Sykes-Picot Agreement. 1916. France, Britain agree on post WWI partition of Ottoman Empire.

Symbolists. 19C French literary movement expressing truth subjectively by symbols. Spread to art, music. Verlaine. Mallarmé. Munch.

Symplegades. Cyanean Rocks. Cliffs at entrance to Black Sea. Crushed ships until Jason and Argonauts slipped through.

Syncretism. Amalgamation of conflicting religions.

Syndicalism. 1900-39. Union movement vs capitalistic order by direct action, general strikes. Sorel. IWW.

Syracuse. c734BC Corinthian colony in Sicily. 211BC Rome. 878 Arab. 1085 Norman. Sicily. Dionysius.

Syracuse, Battle. 480BC Carthage repelled. 415-413BC Critical Athenian defeat in Peloponnesian War. 396, 392 Carthage defeated. 382-75 Defeated by Carthage. 214-211 BC Rome conquers, sacks city.

Syria. c10000BC Natufians. c2300BC Akkadian. c1900 Amorite. 16C Egypt. 14C Hittite. 8C Assyria. 7C Babylon. 538 Achaemenid. 332 Alexander...301 Seleucid. 64BC Rome...395 Byzantine. 634 Moslem. 877 Egypt. 11C Seljuk 1098 Latin Empire(part). 12C Ayyubid. 1249 Mameluk. 1516 Ottoman. 1920 French League of Nations mandate. 1943 Independent. 1958 +Egypt = United Arab Republic. 1961 -Egypt=Syria. Damascus.

Syrian Wars. 274-200BC. Egypt vs Seleucid Empire.

Taborites. -1452. Militant Bohemian Hussites. Defeated by Catholic-Utraquist alliance.

Tacitus, Gaius. 55-120. Roman consul, historian: Historiae c109. Annals c116.

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