Simeon, St. c390-459. Syrian ascetic hermit. Spent 30 years on top of a pillar.

Simeon I. -927. First czar of Bulgaria 925-.

Simeon II. 1937-. Last czar of Bulgaria 1943-6. 1946-96 Exiled. 1998 Properties returned.

Simnel, Lambert. c1475-1535 Pretender to English throne 1487.

Simon of Cyrene. Carried Jesus’ cross.

Simony. Trading in church offices, sacred objects. Banned by Council of Chalcedon 451, and in England since Edward VI.

Simpson, James. 1811-70. British obstetrician. Chloroform, 1847.

Simpson, Wallis. 1896-1986. American divorcée for whom Edward VIII abdicated.

Sims, William. 1858-1936. US WWI naval commander.

Sinai Campaign. 1956. Israeli preemptory attack takes Sinai. UN peacekeeping force in Gaza.

Sinan. 1489-1588. Ottoman architect. Mosque of Suleiman, Istanbul 1550-7.

Sinclair, Upton. 1878-1968. US novelist, Muckraker. Jungle 1906.

Singapore. 13-14C Malay city. 1377 Javanese destroy. 1819 Raffles refounds. 1867 «Straits Settlements. 1942-45 Japanese occupy. 1946 British Crown Colony. 1963 Federation of Malaysia. 1965 Independent republic.

Singer, Isaac. 1811-75. US sewing machine improver 1851. Howe.

Singer, Isaac B. 1904-91. Polish/US Yiddish writer. Gimpel the Fool 1957.

Sinn Fein. 1905. (=Ourselves Alone). Irish Nationalist movement. 1916 uprising. Founded Irish Free State. Legalized as political party in Northern Ireland, 1974. Political wing of IRA. De Valera.

Sino-French War. 1883-85. France wins control of Vietnam.

Sino-Japanese War. 1937-45. Japanese invade China. WWII.

Sino-Soviet Treaty. 1945. Mutual defence vs Japanese agression.

Sioux. Popular name for Dakota Confederation of American Indian tribes. Little Bighorn. Wounded Knee.

Siqueiros, David. 1896-1974. Mexican socialist mural painter. Third World. March of Humanity.

Sirens. Greek sea nymphs, half bird, half woman. Song lured sailors onto rocks.

Sisley, Alfred. 1839-99. English/French Impressionist painter. Meadows in Spring.

Sistine Chapel. 1473. Vatican. Walls by Botticelli, Ghirlandaio; ceiling by Michelangelo 1508-12. Last Judgement 1534-41.

Sisyphus. King of Corinth, condemned to perpetually roll a stone to the top of a hill.

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