Seven Against Thebes. Legendary Greek heroes, fought to restore Thebes throne to Polynices.

Seven Bishops. 1688. Confined to Tower for opposing Declaration of Indulgence.

Seven Gods of Luck. Japanese. 16C-. Bishamon, Daikoku, Ebisu, Fukurokuju, Hotei, Jurojin, Benten.

Seven Hills of Rome. Palatine, Capitoline, Quirinal, Viminal, Esquiline, Caelian, Aventine.

Seven Oaks Massacre. 1816. Northwest Company. agents kill 20 settlers in Red River rivalry with Hudson Bay Company. Settlement destroyed.

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Pyramids 4700-2160BC. Mausolus Tomb 353BC. Artemis Temple at Ephesus c550BC. Hanging Gardens of Babylon 600BC. Colossus of Rhodes 280BC. Zeus Statue at Olympia 450BC. Lighthouse at Alexandria c282BC.

Seven Years War. 1756-63. France, Russia, Austria vs England, Prussia who retain Silesia, emerge as major power. French colonial power reduced. England gains New France, India. French-Indian Wars.

Severus, Lucius. 146-211. Roman Emperor. 193-. Began absolute despotism.

Sévigné, Marie de. 1626-96. Author of Letters 1671 to her daughter depicting 17C France.

Sèvres. 1756-. Royal French porcelain makers.

Sèvres, Treaty. 1920. Broke up Ottoman Empire. Would have created Kurdistan. Not ratified. Lausanne Peace.

Seychelles. 1505 Portugal discovers. 1756 France. 1794 British. 1903 Crown Colony. 1976 Independent republic.

Seymour, Edward. c1506-52. Protector for Edward VI.

Seymour, Thomas. c1508-49. Brother of Jane. Married Catherine Parr. Executed for treason.

Sezession. Groups of artists who seceded from academies in Munich 1892, Vienna 1897, Berlin 1999.

Sforza, Francesco I. 1401-66. Founder of Milanese dynasty 1450-1535.

Shabbetai, Tzevi. 1626-76. Jewish false Messiah. Converted to Islam 1666.

Shackleton, Ernest. 1874-1922. British Antarctic explorer.

Shaftesbury, 7th earl. 1801-85. English reform politician. Coal Mines Act 1842. Factory Acts. Sponsored schools, housing for poor.

Shakers. 1747-. English celibate communal Quaker sect. 1774 moved to US.

Shakespeare, William. 1564-1616. English dramatic poet. Master of language, characters, perception.Titus Andronicus c1593. Romeo and Juliet c1594. Hamlet c1602. Othello c1604. King Lear c1606. Lover’s Complaint c1609. Sonnets 1609. Tempest 1611.

Shamanism. Ancestral religion in Asia, N America. Shamans heal sick, talk to gods.

Shamash. Semitic sun god.

Shamil. 1798-1871. Moslem guerilla leader vs Russia in Crimean War.

Shannon, Claude. 1916-2001. US information theorist. Mathematical Theory of Communication 1948.

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