Protagoras. c485-411BC. First Greek Sophist. “Man is the measure of all things”. “Truth is subjective to each person”. Exiled c415-.

Protectionism. Levying of import duties to make domestic production more competitive. 1337 England. 1870s Germany creates Depression. 1930 US deepens Depression. List. Smoot-Hawley.

Protectorate. Sovereign state with agreement for protection from stronger state.

Protectorate. 1653-9. English government after Civil War by Instrument of Government. Cromwell.

Protestant Succession. 1701. English Act of Settlement.

Protestant Union. 1608-21. German princes vs reimposition of Catholicism.

Protestantism. Christian doctrine based on faith instead of church dispensations. Reformation. Presbyterianism. Calvin. Luther.

Protogenes. c300BC. Classical Greek painter.

Proudhon, Pierre. 1809-65. French Anarchist Socialist: “Property is theft.”-What is Property? 1840. “Government is the Scourge of God”. Systèmes des Contradictions Économiques 1846.

Proust, Marcel. 1871-1922. French novelist: Remembrance of Things Past 1914.

Provençale. Southern French dialect of Occitan. Mistral.

Provence. 6C BC Greeks settle. 121BC Rome. 5C Visigoth/Burgundy...Ostrogoth. 6C Frank. 1246 Angevin. 1486 France.

Prud’hommes, Councils. Medieval French trade tribunals revived by Napoleon.

Prud’hon, Pierre. 1758-1823. French painter. Crime and Justice 1808.

Prussia. 1226 Teutonic Knights. 1466 «Poland. 1525 Duchy of Poland. c1660 Independent. 1701 Kingdom. 1772-95 +NW Poland. 1871 Dominated German Empire. 1919 Weimar(W)/ Poland(E). 1933 Germany(W). Bismarck.

Psamtik I. -610BC. Pharaoh 664-. Reunited Egypt. Ended Assyrian rule.

Psyche. Beautiful girl, loved by Cupid. Symbolized soul.

Psychophysical Parallelism. Mind and body run on synchronized clocks started by God, but do not interact. Guelinex.

Ptah. Egyptian creator god. =Hephaestus.

Ptolemy. c140. Alexandrian. First cartographer. Promoted Hipparchus’ geocentric theory of solar system. Copernicus. Columbus studied his Geography.

Ptolemy I Suter. c366-283BC. Ruled Egypt 323-; king 305-. General of Alexander the Great.

Ptolemy II. 308-246BC. Egyptian king 285-. Made Alexandria a cultural center. Built Pharos.

Ptolemy XIV. c59-44BC. Last Macedonian king of Egypt 47-. Brother, co-ruler with Cleopatra.

Ptolemy XV. Caesarion. 47-30BC. Egyptian king 44-. Son of Caesar and Cleopatra. Killed by Octavian.

Public Safety, Committee. 1793-4. Ruled France during Terror.

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