Baden. 1112 Margravate. 1771 Grand Duchy. 1848 Republic. 1871 German Empire. 1918 Republic. 1934 Germany.

Baden-Powell, Robert. 1857-1941. English General, founded Boy Scouts 1908; Girl Guides with sister Agnes, 1910.

Badoglio, Pietro. 1871-1956. Italian. Conquered Ethiopia 1936. Arranged 1943 armistice. Prime Minister 1943-44.

Badr, Battle. 624. Muhammad’s first military victory. Defeats Umayyad caravan.

Baekeland, Leo. 1863-1944. US: invented Bakelite 1909 (first plastic). Velox.

Baer, Karl. 1792-1876. Estonian/German naturalist: founded science of embryology. Discovered ovum 1827.

Bagehot, Walter. 1826-77. English social scientist/ essayist. The English Constitution 1867. Physics and Politics 1872. Lombard St. 1873.

Baghdad Pact. 1955. Became CENTO 1959.

Baha’ism. 1863-. Founded by Baha (1817-92), disciple of Bab. Religion advocating world peace, through unification of mankind.

Bahamas. Arawak. 1492 Columbus. 1646 English colonize. 1782-3 Spain. 1973 Independent.

Bahrain. 1521 Portugal. 1602 Persia. 1783 Khalifa dynasty. 1861 British protectorate. 1971 Independent.

Baïf, Jean Antoine de. 1532-89. French Pléiade poet. New metrical forms. Founded Academy of Music and Poetry 1571, in Paris.

Bailey, Old. London Law Courts. Building 1907.

Bailly, Jean. 1736-93. French astronomer. Paris mayor, 1789-91. Led Tennis Court Oath. Guillotined.

Bain, Alexander. 1818-1903. Scottish pragmatist philosopher, psychologist. Logic 1870.

Baird, John. 1888-1946. Scot. Invented television 1926.

Baker, Herbert. 1862-1946. English architect: Pretoria government buildings; New Delhi.

Baksar, Battle. 1764. British victory. Confirmed control over Bengal.

Baku Ru. 1192-19C Japanese Shogunate government.

Bakunin, Mikhail. 1814-76. Russian anarchist revolutionary. International movement. Advocated assassination. Dieu et l’état 1871.

Bakunists. Anarchist faction of Internationals.

Balaam. Biblical prophet. Blessed Israelites after ass rebuked him.

Balakirev, Mili. 1837-1910. Russian composer. Influenced 19C Russian music. Overture on Russian Themes 1897.

Balaklava, Battle. 1854. Crimean War. Indecisive British victory at high cost. Charge of Light Brigade.

Balboa, Vasco de. 1475-1519. Spanish. Crossed Panama to Pacific 1513. Beheaded.

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