Observatory, Paris. 1667-72. Claude Perrault. Dimensions of the solar system 1672, meridians of longitude. Sets Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

OCAS. Organization of Central American States. 1951-. For regional and economic unity. CACM.

O’Casey, Sean. 1880-1964. Irish Realist playwright: Juno and the Paycock 1924. Plow and the Stars 1926.

Occam, William. c1280-1349. English Franciscan Nominalist philosopher. “Science is about things, philosophy about terms and concepts”. Occam’s razor: “It is vain to do with more, what can be done with fewer” (Science or Logic). Incompatibility of knowledge and faith, 1332. Opposed Aquinas Aristotelian realism. “Universal ideas exist only in the mind”. Influenced Reformation.

Occasionalism. Will is free. God arranges that what man wills, happens. Determinism. Free Will.

Occitan. Langue d’Oc. Romance language of southern France. Dialects include Provençale, the language of the troubadours. Oil.

Occultism. Belief in supernatural. Astrology, alchemy, spiritualism, theosophy.

Ochs, Adolph. 1858-1935. US journalist vs Yellow (sensationalist) Journalism. NY Times.

Ockeghem, Johannes. c1430-96. Innovative Franco-Flemish polyphonist composer. Masses, motets.

O’Connell, Daniel. 1775-1847. Irish leader. Founded Catholic Association, 1823. Election to Parliament led to Catholic Emancipation Act, 1829.

O’Connor, Feargus. 1796-1855. Irish/English Chartist.

O’Connor, Rory. c1116-98. Last high king of Ireland 1166-75. Submitted to Henry II in Treaty of Windsor.

Octavia. -11BC. Octavian’s sister. Antony’s wife 40-30BC before Cleopatra.

Octavia. 42-62. Claudius’ daughter, Nero’s wife. Executed by Nero.

Octavian. 63BC-14AD. 27BC Declared himself Emperor Augustus.

October Manifesto. 1905. Nicholas II response to Russian Revolution. If enacted would have created a consititutional monarchy. Octobrists.

October Revolution. 1917. Bolsheviks, Lenin and Trotsky overthrow Kerensky’s Socialist provisional government in Russian Revolution.

October War. 1973. Egypt, Syria attack Israel on Yom Kippur. Repulsed. UN creates buffer zone.

Octobrists. 1905-17. Russian party seeking enactment of October Manifesto.

Odeon. Athenian place of music and poetry competition. Parisian theater 1728.

Oder-Neisse Line. 1945- Polish-German border established by Potsdam Conference.

Odets, Clifford. 1906-63. US playwright of social protest. Waiting for Lefty 1935. Golden Boy 1937.

Odin. King of Scandinavian gods who holds court in Valhalla.

Odoacer. c435-93. German who deposed Romulus Augustus 476. Assassinated by Theodoric.

O’Donnell, Leopoldo. 1809-67. Spanish general with Isabella II vs Carlists.

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