Murasaki Shikibu. c978-1014. Japanese court lady, writer. Tales of the Genji 1001-5.

Murat, Joachim. 1767-1815. French marshal. Led Napoleon’s coup. King of Naples 1808-.

Murdoch, Iris. 1919-99. British philosophical novelist. Under the Net 1954.

Muret, Battle. 1213. French nobles defeat Albigenses. Spanish influence ends in S France. Montfort.

Murillo, Bartolomé. 1617-82. Spanish artist. Immaculate Conception 1652. Vision of St Antony 1656. Founded Seville Academy 1600.

Muromachi Period. 1338-1573. Japanese Ashikaga shoguns. Prosperity, foreign trade, Zen Buddhism.

Murray, James. 1722-94. First British governor of Quebec. Supported French residents. Recalled.

Murray, James. 1837-1915. Scottish/English editor of Oxford English Dictionary 1879-.

Mursa, Battle. 351. Roman civil wars. Rebel Magnentius defeated by Constantius II. 54,000 dead.

Muscadins. French Royalist youth movement after the Commune.

Muscovy Company. 1555-1698. English company with monopoly on Russian trade. First joint-stock.

Muses. Nine daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne that preside over the areas of knowledge: Calliope-epics, Clio-history, Erato-love poems, Thalia-comedy, Melpomene- tragedy, Terpsichore-dance, Euterpe-music, Polyhymnia-sacred poems, Urania-astronomy.

Muslim Civil War. 656-61 Sunni Muawiya defeats Shi’ite Ali for leadership starting Umayyad dynasty. 683-92 Umayyad put down Syrian rebellion. 809-13 Iraq vs Iran. 1008-31 Moslem Spanish gain autonomy from Umayyad.

Musset, Alfred. 1810-57. French poet. Sand lover. Confession.

Mussolini, Benito. Il Duce. 1883-1945. Italian Fascist dictator 1922-. Seized Abyssinia 1935. Allied with Germany WWII. Shot.

Mussorgsky, Modest. 1839-81. Russian Nationalist composer. Boris Gudunov 1874. Pictures at an Exhibition 1874.

Mutanabbi, al-. 915-65. Arab panegyric poet. Divan.

Mutual Assistance Pact. 1950. USSR supports China, sends arms to N Korea.

Muybridge, Eadweard. 1830-1904. English/US Photographic studies of motion 1872.

My Lai Massacre. 1968. US troops kill all residents of Vietnamese village. Calley.

Myanmar. (Burma). Pyu. Mons. 849 Pagan kingdom. 1287 Mongol. 1303-1605 Split. 1852(S)/1886(N) British under India. 1948 Independent. 1974 Socialist republic. 1988 Military coup, dictatorship. 1989 = Myanmar. 1990 elections nullified. Suu Kyi.

Mycale, Battle. 479BC. Greek navy defeats Persians.

Mycenaeans. c1600-c1100BC. Greek civilization. Time of Homer’s epics. Late Bronze Age. Ended with Dorian invasion.

Mylae, Battle. 260BC. Roman navy defeats Carthaginians in first Punic War.

Myrdal, Gunnar. 1898-1987. Swedish economist/sociologist on racism. American Dilemma 1944.

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