Montaigne, Michel de. 1533-92. French sceptical humanist essayist. On Humanism 1580.

Montanism. 156-9C. Montanus’ ascetic Christian movement of illuminati expecting the Millenium.

Montcalm, Louis. 1712-59. French general killed defending Quebec against the English. Seven Years War.

Montecassino. 529. Oldest Benedictine Monastery.

Montecuccoli, Raimondo. 1609-80. Italian Holy Roman Empire general. Defeated Turks 1664, French 1672-5.

Montenegro. Balkans. 1159 Serbian Empire. 1516 Autonomous, repelling Turk, Serb, Albanian invasions. 1878 Independent. 1910 Kingdom. 1915 Germans occupy. 1918 +Serbia=Yugoslavia. WWII Italy occupies. 1946 Yugoslavia. 1992 +Serbia=Yugoslavia.

Montesquieu, Charles. 1689-1755. French political philosopher. De l’esprit de lois 1748. Idea of separate executive/legislative branches of government adopted in US, France.

Montessori, Maria. 1870-1952. Italian educator. System based on spontaneity and self motivation 1907.

Monteverdi, Claudio. 1567-1643. Italian composer. First opera: Orfeo 1607. L’Arianna 1608. Madrigals 1583.

Montez, Lola. 1818-61. Irish dancer. Mistress of Louis I of Bavaria. Power resented, leading to March Revolution 1848. Banished.

Montezuma II. 1466-1520. Aztec Emperor of Mexico 1502-. Captured by Cortez.

Montfort, Simon de. c1165-1218. French leader of crusade against Albigenses. Conquered south France.

Montfort, Simon de. c1208-65. English leader of revolt vs Henry III. Model Parliament was first representative parliament. Defeated and captured at Evesham 1265. Barons War.

Montgolfier, Joseph. 1740-1810. Jacques, 1745-99. Brothers. First hot air balloon 1783.

Montgomery, Bernard. 1887-1976. British Field Marshal. Commanded Allies in France, 1944. Defeated Rommel at El Alamein 1942.

Montgomery, L.M. 1874-1942. Canadian Romantic children’s novelist. Anne of Green Gables 1908.

Montgomery, Richard. 1738-75. Irish/US Revolutionary general. Killed attacking Quebec.

Monticello. 1770. Federalist style Virginian estate of Jefferson.

Montpensier, Louise, Duchesse de. 1627-93. French princess. Led rebels in Fronde 1652.

Montreux Convention. 1936. Abolished 1923 Straits Convention. Straits Question.

Montrose, James Graham, Marq. of. 1612-50. Scottish general for Charles I in Civil War. Executed.

Montrose Campaign. 1644-5. Scotland defeats England in Civil War.

Monts, Pierre du Ghast. 1568-1630. French explorer with Champlain. Founded Portugal Royal 1605.

Moore, G. E. 1873-1958. British Realist philosopher. Principia Ethica 1903. Ideal Utilitarianism.

Moore, George. 1852-1933. Irish novelist. Confessions of a Young Man 1888. Esther Waters 1894.

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