Matisse, Henri. 1869-1954. French painter in Fauvist style. Coined “cubism” 1908. Red Studio 1911.

Matsuoka, Yosuke. 1880-1946. Japanese foreign minister 1940. Tripartite Pact with Germany, Italy.

Matteotti Crisis. 1924. Italian Fascists kill Socialist, Matteotti for denouncing them. Aventine Secession.

Matterhorn. 14,691 ft. First climbed in 1865 by Whymper.

Matthias. 1557-1619. Holy Roman Emperor 1612-. Catholic Revival led to Thirty Years War.

Matthias, St. Replaced Judas as one of 12 Apostles.

Mauchley, John. 1907-80. US inventor with Eckert of ENIAC digital computer 1946.

Maugham, W. Somerset. 1874-1965. British cosmopolitan Humanist writer. Of Human Bondage 1915. Short Stories. Moon and Sixpence 1919.

Maupassant, Guy de. 1850-93. French short story writer: Boule de Suif 1880.

Maupeou, René. 1714-92. French chancellor dissolved Parlement 1771, creating absolute rule.

Mauriac, François. 1885-1970. French Roman Catholic author of sombre novels. Thérèse 1927.

Maurice, Friedrich. 1805-72. English theologian. Christian Socialist founder.

Maurice of Nassau. 1567-1625. Prince of Orange 1618-. Dutch military leader. Fought Spanish 1590s.

Mauritania. Bafours. ~1C BC Sanhadja, Zenet, Teda. Ancient Ghana. 7/8C Moslem. 11C Almoravid. 13-17C Moqil invade. 15C = Shinqit. 19C «French West Africa. 1958 Autonomous. 1960 Independent.

Mauritius. 1505 Portugal discovers. 1598 Dutch settle. 1715 French. 1810 English. 1968 Independent.

Maurras, Charles. 1868-1952. French political theorist. Founded Action Française 1899.

Maury, Matthew. 1806-73. US oceanographer. Physical Geography of the Sea 1855.

Maurya Empire. c322BC-c185BC. Dominated most of India.

Mausolus. Persian Satrap c377-353BC. Tomb at Halicarnassus was one of Seven Wonders.

Mavrokordátos, Aléxandros. 1791-1835. Greek revolutionary leader vs Turkey. Prime Minister 1833,44,54-55.

Maxim, Sir Hiram. 1840-1916. US inventor, machine gun, 1884 in Britain.

Maxim, HiramPercy. 1869-1936. US inventor. Powered tricycle 1895. Columbia automobile. Gun silencer. ARRL 1914.

Maximilian. 1832-67. Austrian archduke, Emperor of Mexico 1864-7. Francis-Joseph’s brother.

Maximilian I. 1459-1519. HRE 1493-. Expanded Hapsburg empire by marriage and conquest. Italian Wars.

Maximilian I. The Great. 1573-1651. Duke of Bavaria. Founded Catholic League 1609. Thirty Years War.

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