Lorenz, Konrad. 1903-89. Austrian zoologist. Father of ethology. Man Meets Dog 1954.

Loretto. Italy. 1295. Virgin Mary’s house miraculously translated from Nazareth.

Lorraine, Claude. 1600-82. French landscape painter, master of sunlight. Sunset 1644.

Lost Generation. Gertrude Stein’s term for US writers influenced by WWI. Fitzgerald. Hemingway.

Lost Ten Tribes of Israel. 722BC. Deported when Assyria invaded.

Lothair I. 795-855. Carolingian Emperor, 840-. Failed attempt to reunite empire.

Lotharingia. 843-870. Middle kingdom of split Carolingian Empire. Redivided.

Lotus Eaters. African peoples of Odyssey who were forgetful and idle.

Louis. The Child. 893-911. Last Carolingian German King, 899-.

Louis. The Younger. c830-882. Carolingian German King 876-. Acquired Lotharingia.

Louis d’Or. 1641-1795. French gold coin.

Louis I. 1786-1868. King of Bavaria 1825-48. Abdicated 1848 due to Lola Montez.

Louis I. 1838-89. King of Portugal, 1861-. Ended slavery in colonies.

Louis I. 778-840. Charlemagne’s son. Last Emperor of unified Carolingian Empire 814~. Twice deposed and restored.

Louis I. The Great. 1326-82. King of Hungary, 1342-, Poland 1370-. Rid kingdoms of Turks. Fought Venice, Naples.

Louis II. The German. c822-76. King of East Carolingian Empire, 843-. Fought reuniting attempts. Checked Arab invasion of Italy.

Louis III. 863-82. French King 879-. Withstood Norse invasion.

Louis IV. c1283-1347. German king 1314-. Holy Roman Emperor, 1328-. German electors overrule Pope to make him Emperor.

Louis IV. d’Outremer. 921-54. French King 936-. Fought Hugh the Great (father of Hugh Capet).

Louis IX. St. Louis. 1214-70. French King 1226-70. Last 2 crusades. Captured on 7th Crusade. Built Ste-Chapelle, 1243, in thanks for release.

Louis V. Do Nothing. 967-87. Last Carolingian king of France. 979-87.

Louis VI. The Fat. 1081-1137. French King 1108-. Fought Henry I.

Louis VII. The Young. 1120-80. French King 1137-. Second Crusade. Marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine annulled, consanguinity.

Louis VIII. The Lionheart. 1187-1226. French King 1223-. Invaded England 1216-7. Albigensian Crusade 1226.

Louis X. The Stubborn. 1289-1316. King of Navarre 1305-14, France 1314-. Chartered nobles.

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