Liberty, Statue of. 1886. Bartholdi sculpture. Gift from France.

Liberty Affair. 1768. British sieze Hancock’s sloop ’Liberty’ smuggling wine to Boston.

Liberty Bell. 1753. Independence Hall, Philadelphia. Cracked 1835.

Liberty Poles. 1765-6. Symbolic anti-British poles in US.

Libraries. 1700BC Chaldean. 540BC Athens. 284BC Alexandria. 167 Rome. 355 Constantinople. 1446 Vatican. 1520 Paris. 1757 British Museum. 1598 Oxford Bodleian. 1653 Manchester, First free public. 1800 US Library of Congress.

Libya. 7C BC Phoenician, Carthage, Greek colonies. 46BC Rome. 476 Vandal(W). 534 Byzantine 647 Arab. 1551 Ottoman. 1911 Italian colony. 1943 British/French 1950 Independent Kingdom. 1969 Qaddafi coup. Terrorism. Lockerbie.

Lichtenstein, Roy. 1923-97. New York Pop ‘comic strip’ artist. Whaam! 1963.

Lidice. 1942. Czech village annihilated by Nazis in retaliation for Heydrich assassination.

Lie, Jonas. 1833-1908. Norwegian realistic novelist. Family at Gilje 1883.

Lie, Trygve. 1896-1968. Norwegian. First UN Secretary General, 1946-52.

Liebig, Justus von. 1808-73. German chemist. Analysis of organic compounds, 1831. Agricultural chemistry, 1841. Chloroform 1831.

Liebknecht, Wilhelm. 1826-1900. German Socialist. Founded Social Democratic Labour Party, 1869.

Liechtenstein. 5C Alemanni. Franks. 1342 Independent. 1396 HRE. 1719 Principality «HRE. 1806 Rhine Confederation.1815 German Confederation. 1852 Customs Union with Austria 1923 Customs Union with Switzerland.

Ligures. 1000BC People of S. France.

Ligurian Republic. 1797-99, 1801-5. Genoese state formed by Napoleon.

Lilburne, John. 1614-57. English leader of Levellers during Civil War.

Liluokalani. 1838-1917. Last Hawaiian queen 1891-5. Abdicated. Aloha Oe.

Lima Declaration. 1938. W. Hemisphere solidarity vs Fascist threat.

Limburg, Pol, Herman and Jehanequin. c1835-c1416. Dutch Gothic illuminators. Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry 1416.

Limerick Capitulation. 1691. Confirmed English rule and Protestant land ownership in Ireland.

Limited Liability. 19C. Sale of limited liability stock stimulated Industrialization.

Limoges. 16-17C Gothic painted enamels.

Lin Piao. 1907-71. Chinese Communist. general, political leader. Died after coup attempt.

Linacre, Thomas. 1460-1524. English physician, translator of Galen.

Lincoln, Abraham. 1809-65. US Republican president 1861-. Civil War. Gettysburg. Emancipation Proclamation. Assassinated. Booth.

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