Spanish Succession, War. 1701-14. Britain, Holy Roman Empire, Netherlands vs Spain, France. Opposed French Philip V succession to Spanish throne creating power imbalance. Queen Anne’s War.

Spartacus. -71BC. Leader of slaves revolt against Rome 73BC. Defeated and killed by Crassus. Servile War.

Speenhamland System. 1795-1834. British welfare system to aid poor.

Speranski, Mikhail. 1772-1839. Russian adviser of Czar Alexander I. Reform advocate, law code compiler.

Spinoza, Baruch. 1632-77. Dutch Rationalist philosopher. Criticized scriptures. Excommunicated by Jews. God and nature are one. Determinist. Pantheist. God and Nature 1659. Ethics 1665.

SPQR Senatus Populusque Romanus. = The Senate and People of Rome.

Sprengtporten, G.M. 1740-1819. Finnish colonel. Finland to join Russian Empire.

Sri Lanka. (Ceylon). Veddah. 5C BC Sinhalese from northern India settle. 1100 Tamil(N)/ Sinh(S). 1505 Portugal. 1656 Netherlands. 1796 British. 1948 Independent. 1972 = Sri Lanka.

St Brice’s Day Massacre. 1002. Ethelred orders killing of Danes in England.

St Kitts and Nevis. St Kitts: Carib. 1493 Columbus discovers. 1623,4 British, French settle, dispute. 1783 British. Nevis: 1628 British settle. 1816 St Kitts +Nevis, Anguilla, Virgin Islands. 1871 Leeward Islands Federation. 1958-62 West Indies Federation. 1967 St Kitts, Nevis, Anguilla Autonomous. 1980 -Anguilla. 1983 Independent.

St Pierre and Miquelon. 1635 French occupy. 17, 18C French, English dispute. 1814 French. 1947 French Overseas Territory.

St Vincent and the Grenadines. Carib. 1498 Columbus discovers. 1763 English. 1773 Treaty with Caribs. 1795 Carib revolt fails, most deported. 1871 Windward Is. 1958-62 West Indies Federation. 1969 Autonomous. +Grenadines. 1979 Independent.

Stählberg, Kaarlo. 1865-1952. First President of independent Finland 1919-25. Constitution.

Stalin, Joseph. 1879-1953. Soviet bloodthirsty revolutionary. Leader 1924-. 5 Year Plans modernized Russia. 1928 Collectivization. 1932- Dictator. 1936-8 Purge. Turned Marxism to Nationalism and Imperialism. World Socialist Revolution under USSR. 1952 abolished Politburo.

Stamboliyski, Aleksandur. 1879-1923. Bulgarian Prime Minister, Dictator 1919-. Killed in right-wing coup.

Stambolov, Stefan. 1854-95. Bulgarian regent 1886-7. Prime Minister 1887-94. Dismissed by Ferdinand, murdered.

Stamp Act. 1765. British tax on newspapers and legal documents. A cause of American Revolution. Stamp Act Congress.

Stamp Act Congress. 1765. Issued Declaration of Rights and Grievances vs “taxation without representation”. American Revolution.

Standard Time. 1884. Standardized one hour divisions from Greenwich. Fleming.

Standish, Myles. 1584-1656. English Mayflower colonist. Led Plymouth colony.

Stanford, Leland. 1824-93. US railroad builder. Stanford University 1885.

Stanislaw II. 1732-98. Last king of Poland 1764-95. Installed by his lover Catherine II.

Stavisky Affair. 1933-4. French scandal. Fraudulent bonds sold. Belief in government corruption causes riots.

Stefan Dushan. 1308-55. Serbian king/Emperor 1331-. Conquered Albania, Bulgaria, Macedonia. Law Code 1349-54.

Sterne, Laurence. 1713-68. English humourist novelist. Tristram Shandy 1759-67. Sentimental Journey 1768.

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