Radom, Confederation of. 1767. Polish nobles oppose king’s reforms leading to Partition.

Randolph, A. Philip. 1889-1979. US black civil rights/labor leader. March on Washington 1963.

Rapallo Treaty. 1920. Italy,Yugoslavia establish free city of Rijeka, settle borders. 1922 Normalized relations of Germany, USSR. Cancelled war indemnities.

Reagan, Ronald. 1911-2004. US actor, Republican President 1981-9. Tax reform. Strong economy. Aid to Nicaragua Contras. Irangate scandal. Fall of Soviet Empire.

Rebecca. Biblical wife of Isaac, mother of Jacob.

Reichstag Fire. 1933. Arson. Hitler blamed “red peril” as excuse for assuming dictatorship.

Renaissance Music. c16C. Freer, flexible polyphony; steady, predictable rhythm. Palestrina. Gabrieli. English madrigals.

Renner, Karl. 1870-1950. Austrian republican leader and president. Supported union with Germany before WWII.

Republic. Government vesting power in representatives who govern for the good of the people.

Republic, Council of the. 1917. Russian provisional government. Eliminated by Bolsheviks.

Republic, Second Spanish. 1931-9. President Zamora, Azaña. Spanish Civil War.

Republic French. 1792-1804 First. 1848-52 Second. Napoleon III. 1870-1940 Third. 1946-58. Fourth. 23 governments in 12 years. 1958-. Fifth. DeGaulle.

Republican Party. 1792 Jefferson’s agrarian party. 1820 Whigs. 1854. Anti-slavery party. Lincoln. = Grand Old Party. vs Democratic Party.

Republican People’s Party. Turkey 1923-50. Founded by Ataturk.

Resistance. WWII underground paramilitary groups in German-occupied countries, notably France. Partisans. Maquis.

Retz, Gilles de. 1404-40. French Marshal. Joan of Arc companion. Tortured, killed 140 children. Model for Bluebeard.

Revolutions of 1848. Vienna, Prague, Venice. Romanticism, economic problems, bad harvest, unrest within Austrian Empire led to concessions, abdication of Emperor Ferdinand I.

Rights, Bill of. 1689. Established power of British Parliament over taxes, laws, army. Protestant Succession. William and Mary.

Rights of Man, Declaration. 1789. Preamble to 1791 French constitution. Guaranteed representation, equality before law, property, freedom of religion, press, speech.

Roebling, John. 1806-69. US civil enginerer. First steel cable suspension bridges. Began Brooklyn Bridge.

Rogers, John. 1500-55. English Protestant martyr. Published forerunner of King James Bible.

Roman Republic. 509-27BC. Roman Empire. Rome.

Romanesque Architecture. 4-15C. Barrel vault. Plain. Massive piers. Masonry vaulting. Blend of Byzantine and Roman influences. Gothic.

Romania. Balkans. Dacia. 15C Ottoman. 1859 Moldavia+Walachia. 1878 Independent. 1918 + Bessarabia, Transylvania. 1940 -Bessarabia. 1947 People’s Republic. 1955 Warsaw Pact. 1989 Revolt. Ceausescu overthrown.

Rome. 753BC Legendary founding by Romulus and Remus. 616BC Etruscan. 509BC Roman Republic. 27BC Roman Empire. 248 Empire of the West. 395 Byzantine Empire. 410 Visigoths sack Rome. 476 Romulus Augustulus deposed. 493 Ostrogoth. 535 Byzantine. 774 Charlemagne’s Empire of the West. 962 Holy Roman Empire. 11C Norman. 12C Hohenstaufen. 1848 Republic. 1849 Papal States. 1870 Italy. 1929 -Vatican.

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