Don Cossacks. 16C-1707. Semi-independent Republic.

Doubleday, Abner. 1819-93. US formerly thought to be baseball inventor. Cartwright.

Dukas, Paul. 1865-1935. French composer. Ariane, Barbe-Bleue. Sorcerer’s Apprentice 1897.

Dunstable, John. c1380-1453. Early English polyphonic choral composer.

Dupleix, Joseph François. 1696-1763. French Administrator in India, failed to establish French Empire.

Earth. According to geologists created 4,600,000,000BC. Ussher for Biblical version.

Ebert, Friedrich. 1871-1925. First president of German Republic 1919-.

Ecuador. 1000 Quito Indian kingdom. 15C Inca. 1534 Spain. 1822 Independent «Gran Colombia. 1830 Republic. 1832 +Galapagos.

Eden. Biblical home of Adam and Eve.

Edward, The Black Prince. 1330-76. Son of Edward III. Victor at Poitiers, 1356. Captured John II of France.

Edward I. 1239-1307. King of England 1272-. Conquered Wales. Limited power of church and nobles. 1290 expelled Jews. Defined acre 1305.

Edward V. 1470-83. King of England 1483. Imprisoned and probably killed by Richard III. Wars of Roses.

Egypt. 3100BC Menes unites. 2780 Old Kingdom. 2600 First pyramid. 2040 Middle Kingdom. 1570 New Kingdom. 663 Assyria. 525 Persia. 332 Alexander...323 Ptolemy. 30BC Rome...395 Byzantine. 642 Moslem. 1250 Mameluk. 1517 Ottoman. 1798 Napoleon. 1805 Ottoman. 1882 British occupy. 1914 British protectorate. 1922 Indepedent monarchy. 1952 Coup. 1953 Republic. 1958-61 UAR.

Einaudi, Luigi. 1874-1961. Italian. First President of Republic, 1948-55.

Eire. Ireland, Republic.

Elgar, Edward. 1857-1934. Choral composer. Established a new English tradition: Dream of Gerontius 1900, Apostles 1903, Kingdom 1906.

Elizabeth I. 1533-1603. Queen of England, 1558-. Stable, prosperous reign of literature and art. Restored Protestantism. Supported them abroad.

Embla. First woman in Norse mythology. Ask.

Erasmus, Desiderius. c1466-1536. Dutch Humanist ecclesiastic reform writer. Published first New Testament based on Greek, 1516. Reason over ignorance and superstition. Opposed Luther. Praise of Folly. Enchiridion: Christ requires of us nothing but a pure and sincere life.

Erik the Red. Norwegian explorer, discovered Greenland c985. Established First colony.

Esterhazy, Ferdinand. 1847-1923. French. Sold secrets to Germans. Blamed Dreyfus.

Estonia. c1000BC Aesti. 9C- Vikings invade. 11,12C Russia, Denmark, Sweden invades. 1219 Denmark. 1346 Teutonic Knights buy. 16C Sweden/Poland/Denmark divide. 17C Sweden. 1721 Russian. 1918 Independent. 1919-33 Unstable governments. 1924 Failed Bolshevik revolution. 1934 Päts coup. 1940 USSR. 1991 Independent.

Ethelred the Unready. c968-1016. King of English 978-. Unable to defend against Danish raids. Drove them out, 1015.

Ethiopia. c1000BC Semite. 1C Aksumite Kingdom. 10C Zagwe dynasty. 1270 Solomonic dynasty. 17C Divided. 1855 Re-united. 1935 Italy (Italian East Africa). 1941 Independent. 1952 +Eritrea. 1974 Coup, Republic. 1993 -Eritrea.

European Parliament. 1958 Assembly. 1979 Legislature. 1993 Legislative Assembly of European Union.

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