Vienna, Peace. 1606. Ended Hungarian rebellion vs Hapsburgs. Toleration for Protestants.

Viscount. 4th rank of British peerage, below earl.

Voltaire, François. 1694-1778. French philosopher vs tyranny, bigotry, cruelty. Challenged accepted beliefs. Quotations became revolutionary slogans. Lettres Philosophique 1734. Candide 1758.

V-1, V-2. 1944. WWII German missiles vs Britain, Belgium. V=Vergeltung(Revenge). 8,000 V-1s. 1300 V-2s. Basis for future space research.

Wagner, Richard. 1813-83. German Romantic opera composer/librettist. Leitmotif. Unified drama and music in long and complex operas. Tannhäuser 1845. Lohengrin 1850. Nibelung Ring 1853-76. Tristan and Isolde 1857-9. Parsifal 1882.

Waksman, Selman. 1888-1973. Ukraine/US Streptomycin 1943.

Walloon. French dialect of south Belgium. Flemings.

Walter, John. 1739-1812. English entrepreuner. Founded Times 1785. Jailed for libel.

Warhol, Andy. 1925-87. US Pop artist. Campbell’s Soup Cans 200 1962. Marilyn 1967.

Watson, James. 1928-. US discoverer of DNA structure 1953 with Crick.

Welfs. 12C dynasty in Bavaria and Saxony defeated by Hohenstaufen. Guelfs.

Western European Union. 1948. Britain, France, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg. 1954 +Italy, Germany. 50 year treaty. NATO. European Defense Community.

Whiskey Rebellion. 1794. Pennsylvania settlers vs excise tax. Cavalry suppressed without violence.

White, Patrick. 1912-90. Australian novelist, activist. The Aunt’s Story 1948.

White Lotus Rebellion. 1796-1804. China. Buddhists vs Manchu. Suppressed. Showed Ch’ing decline.

Wiesel, Elie. 1928-. Romanian Holocaust victim, author. After the Darkness 2002. Foundation for Humanity. .

Wilson, Charles. 1869-1959. Scottish physicist. Cloud Chamber 1911.

Yeats, William. 1865-1939. Irish nationalist poet/dramatist: Wild Swans 1917. Deirdre. Tower 1928. Winding Stair 1933. Modernism.

Yellow Turban Rebellion. 184-204. Chinese secret society vs Emperor. Fall of Han dynasty. Ts’ao Ts’ao.

Yukawa Hideki. 1907-81. Japanese physicist. Predicted mesons 1935.

Zaire. Bantu. 1482 Portugal explores. 1885 Personal holding of Leopold II = Congo Free State. 1908 Belgian Congo. 1960 Independent. 1971 =Zaire. 1997 Democratic Republic of Congo.

Zara, Siege. 1202. Fourth Crusaders aid Venice attack rebelling Zadar.

Zeeman, Pieter. 1865-1943. Dutch physicist. Magnetic effect on light polarization.

Zenger, John. 1697-1746. US publisher. Libel acquittal based on being fact 1735, key to freedom of press.

Zerubbabel. c520BC. Jerusalem governor when 2nd Temple built.