Little Bighorn, Battle. 1876. Sitting Bull led Sioux and Cheyenne defeat Custer’s cavalry.

Liutprand. Powerful Lombard King, 712-44. Law code.

Livonian Knights. 1202-1561. German religious order to Christianize Baltic. Livonia.

Livonian War. 1558-83. Russia fails to conquer Livonia for access to Baltic.

Llwelyn. Welsh prince, 1246-82. With Montfort in Barons War.

Lobachevsky, Nikolay. 1792-1856. Russian. Invented non-Euclidian geometry, 1826.

Locke, John. 1632-1704. English philosopher. Empiricism-all knowledge is derived from experience: On Civil Government 1689. Essay Concerning Human Understanding 1690. ‘Sound mind in a sound body’. Evil brings pain, Good brings pleasure. Advocated separation of legislature from executive, as applied in Britain and US. Natural rights (property, pursuit of happiness, religion) influenced US Constitution, led to Enlightenment. Philosophical basis of French and American Revolutions. Epistemological foundations of modern Science.

Lodi, Battle. 1796. Napoleon defeats Austria in Italy.

Lombard, Peter. 1100-1160. Italian bishop. Book of Sentences.

Lombard League. 1167-1250. N Italy united vs HRE.

Lombardo, Pietro. 1435-1515. Antonio 1458-1516. Tullio 1455-1532. Italian architects and sculptors. Dante’s tomb 1485. Doge’s Palace 1498.

Lombards. Germanic people. 568 invaded Italy. 808 Jews formed banking system. 14C Commercial banks.

Lombardy. 5C BC Celt. c200BC Rome. 5C Ostrogoth. 568 Lombards. 774 Charlemagne. 9C Independent towns. 962 HRE. 12C L League. 1337 Milan. 1535 Spain 1713 Austria. 1796 French republic. 1814 Austria. 1859 Italy.

London Naval Conference. 1930. US, Britain, France, Japan, Italy, USA agree to limit battleships to 1936.

London Treaty. 1674 Holland, England end War. 1824 Netherlands, Britain for control of Malaya. 1827 Britain, France, Russia to force mediation on Turkey/Greek freedom fighters. 1831 Belgian War of Independence. 1832 Britain, France, Bavaria made Otto I, King of Greece. 1852 Danish Succession. 1867 Luxembourg independence granted. 1871 Ended neutrality of Black Sea. 1913 Ended first Balkan War. 1915 (Secret) Britain-France-Russia grant concessions to Italy for joining WWI allies. Revealed by Bolsheviks 1918.

Louis I. 1786-1868. King of Bavaria 1825-48. Abdicated 1848 due to Lola Montez.

Louis XVI. 1754-93. French King 1774-92. Bankrupted Government. French Revolution. Guillotined 1793.

Lubbock, John. English MP. Bank Holidays Act 1871.

Ludlow, Battle. 1459. War of Roses. York, Warwick routed by Lancastrians.

Lumumba, Patrice. 1925-61. Congo independence leader. First Prime Minister of Zaire 1960-. Deposed, murdered.

Lundy’s Lane, Battle. 1814. Canada defeats US invasion. War of 1812.

Lysenko, Trofim. 1898-1976. Russian biologist. Forced outdated Lamarck genetics on Agriculture Academy holding back Russian progress.

MacDonald, Flora. 1722-90. Scottish Jacobite. Aided Prince Charles after Culloden defeat.

Macdonough, Thomas. 1783-1825. Defeated British in Lake Champlain naval battle 1814.

MacLeish, Archibald. 1892-1982. US poet laureate of the New Deal. Happy Marriage 1924.

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