Patriarch. Christian bishops with jurisdiction over other bishops. 325 Rome. 692 Antioch. Alexandria, Constantinople, Jerusalem. 1598 Moscow.

Paxton, Joseph. 1801-65. English architect. Crystal Palace 1851.

Pei, I.M. 1917-. Chinese/US architect. Kennedy Airport 1960. Place Ville-Marie. Louvre Pyramid.

Peninsular Campaign. 1862. Failed Union attempt to take Richmond in American Civil War.

Percier, Charles. 1764-1838. French Empire architect. Cour Carrée with Fontaine.

Pérez Jimenez, Marcos. 1914- Ruthless Venezuelan president. 1952-8. Coup 1948. Convicted of corruption.

Perpendicular. c1350-1500. English Gothic architecture. Square and heavy materialistic design.

Perrault, Claude. 1613-88. French architect. Louvre Colonnade. Observatory.

Perret, Auguste. 1874-1954. French architect in reinforced concrete. Champs-Élyées Theatre.

Peruzzi, Baldassarre. 1481-1536. Italian architect, painter. Palazzo Massimo 1535. Villa Farnesina 1509-21.

Petition of Rights. 1628. Accepted by Charles I, limiting British monarch’s powers.

Petrarch. 1304-74. Italian humanist author, lyric poet, philosopher. To Laura 1366. Dialogue with St. Augustine.

Petrie, Flinders. 1853-1942. British archeologist. Sequential dating method.

Philippines. 1521 Magellan discovers. 1565 Spanish conquer. 1762-64 British occupy. 1898 US. 1935 Commonwealth. 1941-11 Japan occupies. 1946 Republic. 1973 Marcos dictator. 1986 Democracy. MacArthur.

Photius. c820-91. Patriarch of Constantinople 858~86. Began Great Schism controversy.

Pierre de Montreuil. 13 C builder of Notre-Dame Cathedral, architect of Ste-Chapelle, 1248.

Pirandello, Luigi. 1867-1936. Italian dramatist:Six Characters in Search of an Author 1921.

Piranesi, Giambattista. 1720-78. Italian architect and engraver. Views of Rome 1740s.

Pisano, Giovanni. c1254-1314. Italian Gothic sculptor, son of Nicola Perouse Fountain 1278. Pistoia Cathedral pulpit 1301. PIsa Cathedral pulpit 1302-10.

Plateresque. 16C Spanish architectural style. Intricate, heavy ornamentation.

Plutarch. c50-119+. Greek/Roman biographer and moralist. Influenced Rousseau. Parallel Lives.

Pole, Reginald. 1500-58. Archbishop of Canterbury. Opposed Reformation.

Polo, Marco. c1254-1324. Venetian traveller to China 1275-92.Travels of Marco Polo 1298.

Pompey. 106-48BC. Roman triumvir with Caesar and Crassus; defeated by Caesar.

Pompidou Centre. Beaubourg. 1972-7. Architects: Rogers and Piano. Paris modernistic art and activity center.

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