Jibril. Islamic archangel. God’s messenger to Muhammad. = Gabriel.

Joan of Arc, St. c1412-31. Defeated English at Orléans. Burned by the English as heretic. Rehabilitated 1456.

John of Lancaster. 1389-1435. English regent of France. Allowed Joan of Arc’s execution.

Jones, Inigo. 1573-1652. English architect who introduced Palladian style. Greenwich House 1616. Whitehall Banquet Hall 1619.

July Monarchy. Rule of Louis-Philippe.

Kassem, Abdul Karim. 1914-63. Iraqi Prime Minister 1958-. Overthrew monarchy. Overthrown by Ba’ath.

Kent, William. c1686-1748. British illustrator, Palladian architect, gardener.

Kiangsi Soviet. 1931-4. Chinese Communist Provincial government vs Nationalists under Mao. Long March.

King’s Law. 1665. Justified Christian V’s Absolute Monarchy in Denmark + Norway.

Kropotkin, Pyotr. 1842-1921. Russian revolutionary, anarchist.

Kulturkampf. c1871-87. Bismarck tries to control Roman Catholic Church. Accomodation reached.

Kuwait. 1710 Arabs settle. 1899 British protectorate. 1961 Independent. 1963 Constitutional monarchy. 1990-91 Iraq occupation, Gulf War.

Labrouste, Henri. 1801-75. French architect. Early use of iron. Bibliothèque Nationale 1862.

LaHire. 1390-1443. French commander with Joan of Arc.

Lamarck, Jean de. 1744-1829. French evolutionary biologist. Classified vertebrates 1809. Transformism 1809. Lysenko.

Langhans, Carl. 1732-1808. German architect. Brandenburg Gate 1789.

Langton, Stephen. 1151-1228. Archbishop of Canterbury. Encouraged Magna Carta.

La Trémoille, Georges de. 1382-1446. French nobleman. Obstructed Joan of Arc.

Latrobe, Benjamin. 1764-1820. US Greek Revival architect. Rebuilt Capitol 1814.

Laud, William. 1573-1645. Archbishop of Canterbury, 1633-45. Supported Charles I. Beheaded.

Leakey, Louis. 1903-72. British anthropological archeologist. With wife Mary, discovered homo habilis and other ancient humanoid fossils.

Leclerc, Jacques-Philippe. 1902-47. French WWII resistance leader. Led 1500 mile march to liberate Paris, 1944.

Le Corbusier. 1887-1965. Swiss Functionalist architecht, urbanist. -“A house is a machine to live in”.

Ledoux, Claude Nicolas. 1736-1806. French Neoclassical architect. Tollhouses.

Le Mercier, Jacques. 1585-1654. French architect of Sorbonne and Horloge Pavilion of Louvre.

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