San Stefano, Treaty. 1878. Ended Russo-Turkish War. Independence for Romania, Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria. Congress of Berlin.

Sanctuary, Right of. Established 4C Rome. England until 1623 (criminal), 18C (civil). Europe until 1789. Asylum in church for 1 month.

Sanger, Margaret. 1883-1966. US feminist. Jailed for birth control clinic 1916.

Sassanids. 224-. Last Persian dynasty before Moslem conquest 637-51.

Savonarola, Girolamo. 1452-98. Led Florence 1494- after Medici overthrow. Reformer against vice and corruption in the church and society. Burned books, paintings, luxuries. Hung+burned.

Scarlatti, Domenico. 1685-1757. Italian composer. 555 Sonatas for harpsichord 1737-. Operas 1703-.

Scheherazade. Entertained the Sultan of the Indies for 1001 nghts with stories, delaying her execution.

Scheidt, Samuel. 1587-1654. German Reformation organ composer.

Schein, Johann. 1586-1630. Reformation composer. Introduced Italian Baroque to German music.

Schism Act. 1714. Occasional Conformity Act 1719.

Scott, George. 1811-78. English Gothic Revival architect: Oxford Martyrs’ Memorial 1841. Albert Memorial 1863-72.

SEATO. Southeast Asia Treaty Organization. 1954-77 for defence vs communist infiltration.

Secret Speech. 1956. Khrushchev call for destalinization in USSR leads to Hungarian, Polish uprisings.

Selim III. 1761-1808. Ottoman sultan 1789-1807. Reformed, westernized. Overthrown, murdered.

Seljuks. 1075-1242. Turkish dynasty ruled Caliphate Empire. Attacks vs Byzantines led to Crusades. Nucleus for Ottoman Empire.

Selkirk, Alexander. 1676-1721. Sailor marooned 1704-9. Prototype for Robinson Crusoe.

Seminole Wars. 1817-18, 1835-42. Seminole Indians forced out of Florida.

Separatism. 1960-. Quebec movement for political independence from Canada. Referendum defeated 1980, 1995.

Serra, Junipero. 1713-84. Spanish missionary to California.

Servetus, Michael. 1511-53. Spanish Reformation writer, scientist. Circulation of blood 1540. Burned by Calvin.

Seven Bishops. 1688. Confined to Tower for opposing Declaration of Indulgence.

Seymour, Edward. c1506-52. Protector for Edward VI.

Seymour, Thomas. c1508-49. Brother of Jane. Married Catherine Parr. Executed for treason.

Sforza, Francesco I. 1401-66. Founder of Milanese dynasty 1450-1535.

Shaftesbury, 7th earl. 1801-85. English reform politician. Coal Mines Act 1842. Factory Acts. Sponsored schools, housing for poor.

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