Suez Crisis. 1956. Denied US finance for Aswan Dam, Egypt nationalizes canal. Israel invades Sinai. France, Britain try to retake canal. UN occupies Canal Zone.

Syria. c10000BC Natufians. c2300BC Akkadian. c1900 Amorite. 16C Egypt. 14C Hittite. 8C Assyria. 7C Babylon. 538 Achaemenid. 332 Alexander...301 Seleucid. 64BC Rome...395 Byzantine. 634 Moslem. 877 Egypt. 11C Seljuk 1098 Latin Empire(part). 12C Ayyubid. 1249 Mameluk. 1516 Ottoman. 1920 French League of Nations mandate. 1943 Independent. 1958 +Egypt = United Arab Republic. 1961 -Egypt=Syria. Damascus.

Tacitus, Gaius. 55-120. Roman consul, historian: Historiae c109. Annals c116.

Ten Thousand Immortals. Core of Achaemenid army.

Terrorism. Zealots. Cagoulards. Baader-Meinhof. Irish Republican Army. Hamas. PLO. Osama. Taliban. al-Qaeda.

Thapsus, Battle. 46BC. Caesar defeats Scipio and Pompey’s supporters in north Africa securing dictatorship.

Themistocles. c523-460BC. Athenian archon, naval leader 493-480BC. Defeated Persians at Salamis, 480. Rebuilt Acropolis. Started Piraeus harbour.

Thermopylae. 480BC. Spartans resist Xerxes 3 days before being overwhelmed.

Theseus. Aegeus’ son. Killed the Minotaur and united Attica.

Tippett, Michael. 1905-98. English experimental composer.

Titans. 12 giant children of Uranus and Gaea. Overthrown by Zeus, other gods.

Triumvirate. 60BC. Caesar, Pompey, Crassus. 43BC. Octavian, Antony, Lepidus.

Trujillo. Rafael. 1891-1961. Ruthless Dominican Republic dictator 1930-. Assassinated.

Twelve Tribes of Israel. Hebrews who settled promised land after Exodus. Each led by a son or grandson of Jacob (Israel). Hence, Israelites.

Unitarianism. 1546. Christian doctrine of Socinus denying Trinity. God is one indivisible force. Biddle.

Van Rensselaer, Stephen. 1764-1839. US politician. Key to Erie Canal.

Vendôme Column. Paris. 1805. Has had statues of Napoleon as Caesar, Henry IV, a Fleur-de-lys, Napoleon in uniform, and now a copy of the original.

Vercingetorix. -46BC. Arverni chief in Gaul. Revolted vs Rome. Defeated by Caesar, executed.

Verona. Raeti. Etruscans. Gauls. 89BC Rome. 489 Ostrogoth. 774 Charlemagne. 1107 Republic. 1164 Veronese League...Lombard League. 1387 Milan. 1405 Venice. 1797 Austria. 1866 Italy.

Virgil. 70-19BC Roman epic poet. Aeneid 30-19BC. Bucolics. Georgics 36BC.

Vulcan. Roman god of destruction, fire, weapons. = Hephaestos.

Weizmann, Chaim. 1874-1952. Russian/Polish Zionist. First President of Israel 1949-52.

West, Nathanael. 1903-40. US novelist. Absurd, black humour. Miss Lonelyhearts 1933. Day of the Locusts 1939.

Winckler, Hugo. 1863-1913. German archaeologist. Discovered Hittite cuneiform tablets.

World War II. 1939-45. Allies-Britain, France, US(1941-), Russia(1941-) vs Axis-Italy, Germany, Japan, Russia(-1941). Caused by German Totalitarian expansionism resulting from WWI reparations and fear of Communism. 55M dead. 35M wounded. 30M refugees. Cost $US 1500B. Led to United Nations, Soviet power, State of Israel, atomic weapons.

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