Paris, Treaties. 1229 Ends Albigensian Crusade. Louis gains Toulouse. 1327. England loses territory to France. 1763 Ends Seven Years War. Britain gets French holdings in Canada. Spain gets American territory. 1783 Ends American Revolution. US borders fixed. 1814 Ends Napoleonic Wars, restoring 1792 borders. Napoleon exiled to Elba. 1815 Ends Hundred Days. 1790 borders, reparations. Napoleon to St. Helena. 1856 Ends Crimean War. Black Sea neutral. Regulated Laws of High Seas. 1898 Ends Spanish American War. Spain cedes Cuba, Philippines, Puerto Rico to US. 1947. Settled European borders after WWII.

Pastry War. 1838-9. France blockades Mexico. Wins cook’s 1828 damage claims.

Pavia, Battle. 1525. Holy Roman Empire defeats France. Madrid Treaty.

Pepin II. -714. Ruler of Franks 687-. United Merovingian kingdoms by defeating Neustria 687.

Pepin the Short. c714-68. First Carolingian king of France 751-. Charlemagne’s father. Donation of Pepin.

Philip I. 1052-1108. French king 1060-. Recovered Normandy for France.

Philip II. 1165-1223. French Capetian king 1179-. 3rd Crusade. Conquered Flanders. Doubled France. Fought Richard the Lion Heart for Angevin Empire.

Philip the Good. 1396-1467. Valois Duke of Burgundy 1419-. Allied with England vs France.

Physiocrats. 18C. Agricultural based philosophy. Land is source of all wealth. Elimination of controls over economy. Laissez-Faire. Quesnay. Turgot.

Picquigney, Truce. 1475. France pays England to withdraw army.

Pilâtre de Rosier, Jean-François. 1756-85. Physician and balloonist. First ascent 1783 with Montgolfier; First free flight 1783 with d’Arlandes. Killed trying to cross Channel.

Pillnitz, Declaration of. 1791. Holy Roman Empire, Prussia support Restoration in France. French Revolutionary Wars.

Pizarro, Francisco. ~1475-1541. Spanish conqueror of Incas in Peru 1531-3. Founded Lima 1535.

Place, Francis. 1771-1854. Fought Combination Act, 1822. Advocated birth control, 1827.

Plains of Abraham, Battle. 1759. British defeat French, capture Quebec. New France falls. Wolfe, Montcalm killed.

Polish Succession, War of. 1733-38. Russia, Austria defeat Poland, France, Spain; place Augustus III on throne.

Popular Fronts. 1930s. Political coalitions of opposing parties vs Fascists in France, Spain.

Poulenc, Francis. 1899-1963. Modern French composer. Les Six.

Powers, Francis Gary. 1929-77. US pilot in U-2 incident.

Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges. 1438-61. France limits power of pope.

Prairial, Law of 22. 1794. France allowed only acquital or death penalty in trials. Terror.

Pressburg, Treaty. 1805. Austria loses in Napoleonic Wars. Cedes land to France.

Prime Minister. =Premier. Head of parliamentary government under the head of state (monarch or president). Walpole (1721-42) considered first British Prime Minister. Richelieu 1624 France. Chancellor.

Privateers. 13-19C. Pirates licensed by letters of marque to plunder enemy vessels. Drake. Hawkins.

Provence. 6C BC Greeks settle. 121BC Rome. 5C Visigoth/Burgundy...Ostrogoth. 6C Frank. 1246 Angevin. 1486 France.

133 more results ...