Liberty, Statue of. 1886. Bartholdi sculpture. Gift from France.

Liechtenstein. 5C Alemanni. Franks. 1342 Independent. 1396 HRE. 1719 Principality «HRE. 1806 Rhine Confederation.1815 German Confederation. 1852 Customs Union with Austria 1923 Customs Union with Switzerland.

Ligures. 1000BC People of S. France.

Lincoln, Battle. 1217. Henry III defeats nobles supporting Louis VIII of France.

Liszt, Franz. 1811-86. Hungarian pianist, Romantic composer. Harmonic innovator.

Locarno Pact. 1925. Non-aggression treaty in Europe. Germany, France, Belgium, et al. Broken when Hitler occupied Rhineland,1936.

London Naval Conference. 1930. US, Britain, France, Japan, Italy, USA agree to limit battleships to 1936.

London Pact. 1914. Britain France Russia agree to no separate peace with Central Powers.

London Treaty. 1674 Holland, England end War. 1824 Netherlands, Britain for control of Malaya. 1827 Britain, France, Russia to force mediation on Turkey/Greek freedom fighters. 1831 Belgian War of Independence. 1832 Britain, France, Bavaria made Otto I, King of Greece. 1852 Danish Succession. 1867 Luxembourg independence granted. 1871 Ended neutrality of Black Sea. 1913 Ended first Balkan War. 1915 (Secret) Britain-France-Russia grant concessions to Italy for joining WWI allies. Revealed by Bolsheviks 1918.

Louis II. The Stammerer. 846-79. W Frankish King 877-.

Louis V. Do Nothing. 967-87. Last Carolingian king of France. 979-87.

Louis X. The Stubborn. 1289-1316. King of Navarre 1305-14, France 1314-. Chartered nobles.

Louis XV Style. 1715-74. Superior craftsmanship. Rococo decoration. Boucher.

Louise of Savoy. 1476-1531. Mother of Francis I. Negotiated Treaty of Cambrai.

Louisiana. 1643 French LaSalle claims. 1719 Mississippi Company. 1762 England cedes to Spain. 1801 France (San Ildefonso Treaty). 1803 US purchase. 1812 18th State.

Luxembourg. 1C BC Rome. 459 Franks. 963 Independent county «Holy Roman Empire. 1354 Duchy. 1443 Burgundy. 1472~1795 Hapsburg. 1555 Spanish. 1684 French. 1697 Spanish. 1714 Austrian. 1795 French. 1815 Dutch «German Confederation. 1839 Belgian(W)/Autonomous. 1867 Independent neutral. 1914-18, 1940-44 German occupation. 1948 Neutrality ends.

Madrid, Treaty. 1526. Charles V, Francis I truce in Italian Wars. 1670. Spain cedes Jamaica to Britain.

Magenta, Battle. 1859. France, Piedmont defeat Austria creating Italian Unity. Carnage led to founding of Red Cross. Eponymous dye discovered 1859.

Maginot. André. 1877-1932. French statesman. Built line of fortifications in the east of France 1928-38, leaving French overconfident vs German threat.

Maintenon, Françoise de. 1635-1719. Mistress, then secret wife of Louis XIV. Founded St-Cyr.

Malherbe, François de. 1555-1628. French poet. Foreshadowed classicism. Odes 1601.

Malignar Agreements. 1936-7. Socialist reforms in France.

Mansart, Francois. 1598-1666. French architect. Val-de-Grâce 1645. Classical elements in Baroque style. Subtle elegance, harmony. Mansard roof.

Margaret of France. 1553-1615. Marriage to Henry IV anulled due to promiscuity. Mémoires.

Marie Antoinette. 1755-93. Daughter of Emperor Francis I and Maria Theresa, Queen Consort to Louis XVI. Guillotined for seeking US aid vs French Revolution. -“Let them eat cake”.

208 more results ...