Comédie-Francaise. Oldest National theatre. Founded by Louis XIV in 1680. Molière.

Committee of Public Safety. 1793-5. Ruled France. Robespierre’s reign of Terror.

Communist Party. USSR. 1918. Name adopted by Bolsheviks for Social Democratic Workers’ Party. Parties started in Britain, USA, Austria, France, Italy, Spain, Germany soon after.

Comoros. 8C Moslem. 1527 Europeans explore. 1886 France. 1975 Independent.

Concini, Concino. -1617. Italian favourite of Marie de Medici. Marshal of France. Executed.

Conquillards. Jargon language. Villon.

Conrad von Hotzendorf, Franz. 1852-1925. Austro-Hungarian Chief of Staff, 1906~17.

Conscription. 1793. Carnot devised first compulsory military service for France. Used in Egypt’s Old Kingdom.

Corbeil, Treaty. 1258. France, Aragon. Settled territorial disputes.

Cordeliers. 15C- Franciscan nuns.

Coronado, Francisco de. 1510-54. Spanish explorer. Grand Canyon, 1540.

Corregio. 1494-1534. Italian painter. Anticipated Baroque Style. Virgin and St. Francis 1515. Adoration 1530. Leda and Swans 1531.

Corsica. 6C BC Phocaean. Etruscan. 278BC Carthage. 259BC Rome. 5C Vandal. 6C Byzantine. 8C Papacy. 10C Saracen. 1077 Pisa. 1296 Genoa, Aragon dispute. 1569 Genoa. 1768 France. 1794 Britain. 1796 France 1814-15 British occupy. WWII Germans occupy.

Coty, René. 1882-1962. President of France, 1954-59. Algerian Crisis 1958, led to return of deGaulle.

Couperin, François. 1668-1733. French Baroque keyboard composer. Concerts Royeaux, Leçons de Ténebres 1714.

Crépy, Treaty. 1544. Ends 23 years of war between Holy Roman Empire and France.

Crick, Francis. 1916-. British discoverer of DNA structure with Watson 1953.

Crimean War. 1853-6. Russian attempt to get a Mediterranean port stopped by Turkey, England, France, Sardinia. Dispute over Holy places in Palestine.

Crispi, Francesco. 1819-1901. Italian Prime Minister 1887~96. Thousand.

Crusades. 1095-1272. European Christian wars to regain Holy Land after Seljuk Turks take Jerusalem in 1072. Literature and the arts benefitted from Eastern cultural infusion. Peasants 1096. Annihilated. First. 1096-99. Genoa financed Godfrey of Bouillon to recapture Jerusalem. Only successful crusade. Second. 1147-49. Louis VII and Conrad III pillage Byzantium. Third. 1189-92. Richard I and Philip II Truce with Saladin allows access to Jerusalem. Fourth. 1202-4. French and Flemish nobles conquer, sack Constantinople, form Latin Empire. Childrens. 1212. Stephen of Cloyes led 30,000 unarmed French youths. Nicholas of Cologne led 20,000 German. All died or enslaved. Fifth. 1218-21. John of Brienne in Egypt. Sixth. 1228-29. Frederick II crowned king of Jerusalem. Seventh. 1248-54. St Louis of France captured by Egypt and ransomed. Eighth. 1270. St Louis dies of plague. Ninth. 1271-2. Prince Edward of England.

Damiens, Robert-François. 1715-1757. Stabbed Louis XV. Quartered.

Darlan, François. 1881-1942. French admiral. Built navy 1933-40. Collaborated with Germany, 1941-2, then Americans. Assassinated.

Deism. Theory that God’s existence can be proven by reason, not just known by revelation (Theism). Rousseau. Voltaire. Jefferson.

Denis, St. -250. Patron St. of France, martyred first bishop of Paris. Carried his head to St-Denis Abbey.

DesPrés, Josquin. c1440-c1521. Franco-Flemish contrapuntal composer. Motets, chansons.

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