Borromini, Francesco. 1599-1667. Italian Baroque architect. S Carlo alle Quattro Fontane 1665-67.

Bosnia and Herzegovina. Balkans. 1180 Independent Kingdom. 1350 +Hum (Herzegovina). 1463 Ottoman. 1878 Austria-Hungary. 1797 France. 1805 Russia. 1918 Yugoslavia. 1946 Communist. 1992 Independent. 1993 Yugoslav Serbs invade. 1995 Dayton Accord.

Boucher, Francois. 1703-70. French mythological and landscape painter. Louis XV Rococo Style. Mme de Pompadour favourite. “Decorator of Boudoirs”. Déjeuner 1738.

Bouvines, Battle. 1214. French defeat English, HRE coalition. Recapture Angou...France a major power.

Boyacá, Battle. 1819. South American rebels win independence from New Granada from Spain. Bolivar. Santander.

Brains Trust. 1932. Roosevelt’s advisers on New Deal.

Brittany. Inhab c3500BC. Celts. 57BC Rome. 5-6C Britons (Celts) re-settle. 12C Capetian. 1365 Montfort Dukedom. 1532 France.

Brussels, Treaty. 1948. = Western Union. 50 year alliance of Britain, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands. 1954 + W Germany, Italy.

Buchman, Frank. 1878-1961. English founder of Buchmanism.

Budé, Guillaume. 1467-1540. Humanist, Greek scholar. Founded Collège de France.

Burgundy. 5C BC Rome. 5C Burgundians settle. 534 Merovingian. 843 divided; W=duchy. 1016 France 1364 Independent duchy. 1477 France(W)/Hapsburg(E).

Burke, Edmund. 1729-97. English conservative writer, traditionalist political philosopher. Advocated emancipation of American colonies. Founded Annual Register 1758. Reflections on Revolution in France 1790.

Burnette, Frances. 1849-1924. English/US writer. Little Lord Fauntleroy 1886.

Busoni, Ferruccio. 1866-1924. Italian neoclassical, anti-Romantic composer in Liszt tradition. Fantasia 1903-4.

Cabrini, St. Frances Xavier. 1850-1917. First American saint.

Calvin, John. 1509-64. Reformist in Switzerland and France. Predestination, truth by faith. Institutes of Christian Religion 1536, used by others to justify Protestantism. Calvinism.

Cambrai League. 1508-10. Holy Roman Empire, Aragon, France, Rome vs Venice.

Cameroon. 1472 Portugal explores. 16-19C Slave source. 1884 Germany. 1916 France(E)/Britain(W). 1960 Independent. 1961 NW to Nigeria; SW =Cameroon Republic.

Capetians. Dynasty that ruled France 987-1328.

Capital Punishment. Abolished: 1863 Venezuela; 1870 Netherlands; 1877 Costa Rica; 1949 Germany; 1965 Britain; 1969 Vatican City; 1972 US (reinstated 1976); 1976 Canada; 1981 France; (96 countries). Retained: Iran, Iraq, N Korea, USA (95 countries).

Capuchin. 1525. Powerful Franciscan mendicant order of monks.

Cassini, César. 1714-84. Italian/French astronomer, cartographer of France.

Catalan. Romance language of Andorra, NE Spain, SW France.

Cateau-Cambresis, Treaty. 1559. Ended Italian Wars. Italy, Savoy to Spain. Calais to France.

Cellini, Benvenuto. 1500-71. Florentine Mannerist sculptor, goldsmith. Saltcellar of Francis I 1543. Autobiography 1561.

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