Snellman, Johan. 1806-81. Finnish nationalist. Established national language.

Social Credit Party. Canada. Aberhart. Douglas. 1935- Alberta, BC, federal parties. Social Credit.

Social Democratic Party. 1981-87. British moderate Labour centre party.

Socialist Party. 1901-30. US party advocating socialism based on earlier Social Democratic and Social Labor (1876) Parties. Ideas applied to New Deal.

South Sea Bubble. 1711-20. England sold trade monopolies to reduce National Debt. Their resale at speculative prices led to financial ruin for thousands. George I implicated. Walpole.

Spanish Marriages, Affair of. 1846. Isabella’s sister, heir marries French prince, despite Spanish assurances, causing English/French rift.

Spanish Revolt. 1868-9.Military overthrows Isabella. Prim y Prats.

Spinoza, Baruch. 1632-77. Dutch Rationalist philosopher. Criticized scriptures. Excommunicated by Jews. God and nature are one. Determinist. Pantheist. God and Nature 1659. Ethics 1665.

Stalin, Joseph. 1879-1953. Soviet bloodthirsty revolutionary. Leader 1924-. 5 Year Plans modernized Russia. 1928 Collectivization. 1932- Dictator. 1936-8 Purge. Turned Marxism to Nationalism and Imperialism. World Socialist Revolution under USSR. 1952 abolished Politburo.

Stanton, Elizabeth Cady. 1815-1902. US suffrage leader. First woman’s rights convention 1848. Mott.

Star Chamber. 1327-1641. English tribunal to try offences against the state. Abused by Charles I.

Stein, Karl, Freiherr von. 1757-1831. Reforming Prussian statesman helped abolish serfdom.

Steptoe, Patrick. 1913-88. British doctor. First test-tube baby 1978.

Stijl, de. 1917-. Dutch abstract painters. Mondrian.

Stokes, G. Gabriel, Baronet. 1819-1903. Irish discoverer of ultraviolet flourescence. Law of Viscosity.

Stowe, Harriet Beecher. 1811-96. US author. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852.

Strabe. 63BC-21. Greek historian, geographer. Cumulated knowledge in Geographica.

Stuart, Arabella. 1575-1615. Pretender to English throne. Died in Tower.

Stymphalian birds. Man-eating birds Hercules killed as 6th labour.

Styria. Celtic. 15BC Rome. 5C Germanic. 6C Slav. 8C Frankish. 9C German. 1056 Steyr. 1180 Duchy. 1192 Babenberg. 1276 Hapsburg. 1918 Austria. 1919 S: Yugoslavia.

Suffolk Resolves. 1774. American colonists pledge disobedience to Intolerable Acts. End trade with Britain.

Suffrage, Women. 1893 New Zealand. 1902 Australia. 1906 Finland. 1913 Norway. 1915 Denmark. 1917 USSR. 1918 Canada. 1918/28 Britain. Reform Bills. 1920 US. 1971 Switzerland. 1976 Liechtenstein. Not yet in Arab countries. Wyoming.

Suffragettes. Women seeking right to vote. Pankhurst. Anthony. Stanton. Suffrage.

Suger. 1081-1151. French Abbot of St-Denis, royal adviser. Rebuilt abbey, initiating Gothic style.

Sumner, Charles. 1811-74. US Abolitionist senator. Urged Johnson impeachment.

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