Mary Stuart. 1542-87. Queen of Scots 1542-67. Abdicated. Married Francis II. Queen of France 1559-60. Married Darnley 1565. Married Bothwell 1567, causing Scottish Revolt. Beheaded with Babington by Elizabeth I. Mother of James I.

Massachussets Bay Co. 1620-84. English charter company established Theocracy in Mass. Charter annulled 1684. Plymouth Colony.

Mastaba. First Dynasty Egyptian tombs. Inspired pyramids.

Matabele War. 1894-6. Rhodesia natives vs British. Mediated by Rhodes. Ndebele.

Materialism. All nature is describable as moving particles. Mind is the result of physical activity in the brain. Büchner. Diderot. Hobbes. Marx. Epicureans.

Maupeou, René. 1714-92. French chancellor dissolved Parlement 1771, creating absolute rule.

Mazarin Bible. c1455. First book printed with moveable type. (Gutenberg 42-line).

Mecca. Holy city of Islam. Muhammad’s birthplace. Captured by Muhammad 630. Ka’bah.

Mehmed II. 1432-81. Ottoman sultan 1451~. Captured Constantinople 1453, ending Byzantine Empire. Conquered Anatolia, Greece, Aegean, most of Syria. Re-established Ottoman Empire.

Meiji. 1852-1912. Japanese Empire. 1867-. Modernization. New constitution. Abolished feudalism. Made Japan a world power. Ended isolationism. Tokugawa.

Meir, Golda. 1898-1978. Israeli Labour Prime Minister 1969-74.

Melchites. 451-. Middle Eastern Roman Catholic sect with rites in Arabic, affirming Christ’s dual human/divine nature.

Mendel, Gregor. 1822-84. Austrian abbot, botanist. Studied heredity. Genetics 1865.

Mennonites. 1536. Christian pacifist congregationalist sect based on Anabaptists but teaching conservatism.

Mersen, Treaty. 870. Divided Lotharingia. Charles II and Louis the German establish French/German frontier.

Mesopotamia. 5000BC. Tigris-Euphrates river plain where civilization began. 550BC Persia. 331BC Alexander. 115 Rome. 637 Moslem. 13C Mongol. 1534 Ottoman. Babylon. Akkad. Ur. Iraq.

Mesopotamia, Battle. 1914-16. WWI. British advance from Basra to Babylon.

Metternich, Fürst von. 1773-1859. Austrian prince, chancellor, defender of Absolutism. Quadruple Alliance vs Napoleon. Holy Alliance. Architect of Vienna Congress, 1814.

Michelin, Édouard. 1859-1940. First removable pneumatic tires for bicycles 1888, for cars 1895.

Midianites. Biblical tribe of Arabia. = Ishmaelites.

Mihajlovitch, Dragoljub. 1893-1946. Yugoslav royalist WWII leader vs Tito. Executed for collaboration with Germany; exonerated by US.

Minotaur. Half-man, half-bull killed by Theseus in the Labyrinth on Crete. Fed tribute of children.

Mir. 17C-1906. Russian system of communal landholding and taxation. Serfdom abolished 1861.

Mirabeau, Comte de. 1749-91. French revolutionary writer. Physiocrat. Dominated National Assembly 1789-.

Miró, Joan. 1893-1974. Spanish surrealist painter. Pure colors, abstract shapes. Bird, star themes. Dog Barking at the Moon.

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