Greek Fire. 648. Byzantine secret weapon. Flammable substance that ignited on contact with water invented by Callinicus of Heliopolis.

Greek Project. 1782. Abandoned plan of Catherine the Great to conquer Ottoman Empire.

Grenville, William. 1759-1834. British statesman. Ministry of All Talents 1806-7. Abolished Slave Trade, 1807.

Grimké, Sarah and Angelina. 1792-1873; 1805-79. US feminists, abolitionists.

Guas, Juan. -c1496. Spanish arch. Isabelline style.

Guernica. Spanish Basque capital bombed by Germans for Franco, 1937. Euzkadi. Picasso. Spanish Civil War.

Gujrat, Battle. 1849. British defeat Sikhs, annex Punjab.

Gulf War. 1990-91. Allies (US, Britain, France, Egypt, Syria, Saudi Arabia +26 others) expel Iraq from Kuwait.

Gutenberg, Johannes. 1400-68. German printer, inventor of movable type.

Gypsies. 16C-. Nomadic peoples with Romany language. Probable Indian origin.

Habeas Corpus Act. 1679. England. Right of prisoner to appear in court before being imprisoned.

Hagar. Sarah, Abraham’s wife’s handmaid. Mother of Ishmael.

Hague Conferences. 1899, 1907. Arms limitation talks banned poison gas, dum-dum bullets. Established World Court.

Halifax, First Earl of. 1661-1715. English Whig statesman. Started National Debt. Established Bank of England. 1694.

Hamas. 1987-. Militant terrorist movement for elimination of Israel and establishment of a Palestinian state. Denounced 1993 peace agreement. PLO.

Hamid II, Abdul. 1842-1915. Despotic Turkish Sultan, 1876-1909.

Hammurabi. -1750BC. Babylonian king 1792- who codified the law.

Hanno. 5C BC. Carthaginian. Established colonies in West Africa.

Hardie, Keir. 1856-1915. British. Founded Scottish Labour Party 1888, Independent Labour Party 1893.

Hardy, Thomas. 1840-1928. English novelist: Far from the Madding Crowd 1874; Mayor of Casterbridge 1886; Jude the Obscure 1896. Man as victim of fate. -“the worth encompassed by the inevitable”.

Harris, Joel. 1848-1908. US author: Brer Rabbit, Uncle Remus stories. Tar-Baby 1904.

Harris, Lawren. 1885-1970. Canadian landscape, abstract painter. Group of Seven. Lake and Mountains 1928.

Harun-ar-Rashid. c764-809. Abbasid Caliph, 786-. Subject of One Thousand and One Nights.

Hauptman, Bruno. 1899-1936. Kidnaped and killed Lindbergh baby 1932. Executed.

Hawthorne, Nathaniel. 1804-64. US author: Scarlet Letter 1850. House of Seven Gables 1851.

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