Elizabeth, St. Mother of John the Baptist. Sister of Virgin Mary.

Elizabeth I. 1533-1603. Queen of England, 1558-. Stable, prosperous reign of literature and art. Restored Protestantism. Supported them abroad.

Elizabeth II. 1926-. Queen of UK 1952-. Head of State of many Commonwealth countries.

Élysée Palace. 1718. Site of Napoleon’s abdication 1815. French president’s residence since 1873.

Emancipation Proclamation. 1863. Lincoln frees all slaves in Confederacy.

Emboabas, War. 1708-9. New settlers vs old in Brazil gold rush.

Encomienda. 16-18C Spanish system of Indian forced labour.

English Civil War. 1642-9. King vs Parliament. Charles beheaded. Monarchy abolished. Commonwealth. Cromwell. Covenanters.

Epaminondas. c410-362BC. Thebian general, statesman. Defeated Sparta at Leuctra. Permanently changed balance of power.

Épée, Abbé de l’. 1712-89. French educator of deaf-mutes. Natural sign language.

Erik the Red. Norwegian explorer, discovered Greenland c985. Established First colony.

Essex, Earl of. (Robert Devereux). 1567-1601. Favourite of Elizabeth I. Executed.

Estonia. c1000BC Aesti. 9C- Vikings invade. 11,12C Russia, Denmark, Sweden invades. 1219 Denmark. 1346 Teutonic Knights buy. 16C Sweden/Poland/Denmark divide. 17C Sweden. 1721 Russian. 1918 Independent. 1919-33 Unstable governments. 1924 Failed Bolshevik revolution. 1934 Päts coup. 1940 USSR. 1991 Independent.

Estrées, Gabrielle d’. 1573-99. Mistress of French Henry IV.

Ethelred the Unready. c968-1016. King of English 978-. Unable to defend against Danish raids. Drove them out, 1015.

Evans, Timothy. -1953. Wrongful hanging led to abolition of capital punishment in Britain.

Fabergé, Peter. 1846-1920. Russian jeweller. Imperial Easter Eggs 1884-1917.

Fabian Society. 1883. English non-revolutionary socialist movement. Founded Labour Party. Shaw.

Fabius, Quintus. -203BC. Consul. Saved Rome from Hannibal by delaying battles, allowing army to recover 218-.

Fabre, Henri. 1823-1915. French entomologist: Souvenirs entomologiques.

Factory Acts. England. 1802 Apprentices 12 hr day. 1819 Minimum age 9. 1833. Limited child labour to 8 hours and education required 1844 Women, children 10 hr max. 1842 No women/children in mines. 1920 Minimum age 14. US 1844 Women 12 hr max. 1874 Women/children 10 hr max.

Fahrenheit, Gabriel. 1686-1736. German physicist, inventor of temperature scale 1712. Alcohol thermometer 1709. Mercury thermometer 1714.

Fair Labor Standards Act. 1938. US fixes minimum wage(25¢/hr), child labor laws, 44hr week.

Faisal. 1906-75. Saudi king 1964-. Arab-Israeli War 1967. Assassinated by nephew Faisal.

Farouk I. 1920-65. Egyptian king 1936-52. Vs Wafd. Coup by Nasser-led Free Officers.

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